Restriction Enzymes Restriction enzymes (also known as restriction endonucleases) are a group of bacterial enzymes which cut double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into smaller fragments at specific points. They are a defence mechanism used by bacteria to cleave the DNA of invading viruses‚ thereby restricting their expression. The exploitation of restriction enzymes ability to cut large pieces of DNA into smaller fragments (called restriction fragments) and the highly specific way in which they do this
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CONCENTRATION AND DILUTION Physiology 1‚ Las Positas College Name: In science‚ concentration is a measure of the number of particles (solutes) in a given volume. If one room has 100 people in it‚ and a room of equal size has 50 people‚ one can say that the concentration of people in one room is twice that of the other. Quite simple‚ isn’t it? On a molecular level‚ consider whether you put one lump or two of sugar‚ or no sugar at all‚ in your coffee. If you use two lumps‚ you prefer twice
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ENZYME COFACTORS AND INHIBITORS 1. DESCRIBE THE GENERAL ROLE OF COFACTORS IN ENZYME ACTIVITY. Some chemicals enhance an enzyme’s activity‚ which is what cofactors function to do. They are a non-protein component of an enzyme and may be organic molecules (called coenzymes) or inorganic ions. 2. (A) NAME FOUR HEAVY METALS THAT ARE TOXIC TO HUMANS. Four heavy metals that are toxic to humans are: 1. Cadmium (Cd) 2. Lead (Pb) 3. Mercury (Hg) 4. Arsenic (As) (B) EXPLAIN IN GENERAL TERMS WHY THESE
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BIOLOGY IA A Factor That Will Affect Enzyme Activity The Question Effects on Enzyme activity: investigating the effects of mixing Hydrogen Peroxide with Catalase extracted from potatoes at different temperatures‚ and then comparing the results with the same method‚ except to replace the Potato juice with MnO2 Hypothesis Since enzymes are a type of protein‚ they will be destroyed at high temperatures and activity rates will go down at low temperatures. Also‚ if done at low temperature
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and measure the enzyme activity of β-galactosidase in the different concentrations of o-Nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) using a spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer was also set at 420nm‚ a wavelength which is best for recording the absorbance values for the experiment. From the results‚ 0.9mM ONPG solution has the highest absorbance and 0.1mM ONPG solution has the least. Also‚ 0.5mM ONPG solution has the highest rate of enzyme activity and it is the most efficient as the enzyme activity of the
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Concentration Camps Ten Boom‚ Corrie. The Hiding Place. Germany: Bantam Books 1974 In Corrie’s book The Hiding Place it offers a more personal view into the concentration camps in Germany and all her personal experiences along the way. It offers a direct view into her thoughts and emotions and being able to imagine it so clearly the state of the camps she went to. You feel all of her pain and see it all through her eyes with how clearly she explains it. The state of the camps being so
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Potato Enzyme Lab INTRODUCTION An enzyme is a protein that speeds up or slows down a specific chemical reaction in an organism. A good rule of thumb is to remember that enzyme names end in “-ase”. This will help in identifying enzymes in further readings. Generally enzymes are catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic chemical that is produced in many organisms during metabolism. Organisms must get rid of this toxin to survive. One reaction turns the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The
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Description: A peroxidase enzyme‚ which was extracted from a brassica compestris (turnip)‚ is tested under various conditions in temperature‚ pH level‚ and competitive inhibitor (hydroxylamine). ABSTRACT: In order to determine the properties of an enzyme‚ a peroxidase enzyme was extracted from a brassica compestris (turnip) and tested under various temperatures‚ pH levels‚ and by a competitive inhibitor (hydroxylamine). The enzyme activity was measured in various ways depending on the activity
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Factors Affecting The rate of Enzyme Activity Prediction: As the temperature increases the rate of enzyme activity will also increase‚ thus increasing the rate of reaction. However‚ if the temperature is too high the enzyme will denature. Materials: 4 test tubes 2 small beakers A dozen filter paper disks Test tube rack Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Potato extract Forceps Thermometer Hot plate Large beaker Ice cubes Graduated cylinder Stopwatch Procedure: Step 1 Place 10 mL of potato
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Substrate concentration and yeast catalase Aim: To see how the substrate concentration in hydrogen peroxide affects the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction using yeast catalase. Introduction: An enzyme is a biological catalyst made of protein. Enzymes are protein molecules found in living organisms and in this case I will use a yeast catalase. Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is a poisonous by-product of metabolism‚ so it is very
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