There are two general theories of punishment: utilitarian and retributive. In the utilitarian theory of punishment‚ punishment is sought to discourage future occurrences of crime‚ while in the retributive theory‚ punishment is handed out because the offender deserves to be punished. Laws are used under the utilitarian philosophy specifically to maximize the overall peace of society. Because crimes and the punishment that follows are both adversaries to that peace‚ they should be kept to a minimum
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K1 Danielle K Marxist Theory and Crime and Punishment Throughout human history countless philosophers have risen with what they thought to be the best form of government for society as a whole. Karl Marx may be the most influential philosopher in Russian history. According to The Free Dictionary‚ Marxism is the concept that “class struggle plays a central role in understanding society’s allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society”
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Theories of Punishment with Special Focus on Reformative Theory Neetij Rai Abstract: As Hobbes said that in the state of nature people were nasty‚ brutish and their life was short. Locke viewed that the people in the state of nature agreed a social contract in order to establish a formal law. In Rousseau‟s view‚ the social contract was done for the security of property and liberty. Thus from the very beginning of the origin of state‚ the concept of crime and ways of preventing it or if not‚ punishing
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Punishment is a response-dependent environmental change that reduces the future probability of a response (Azrin & Holz‚ 1966). Punishment contingencies are frequent in the natural environment (Skinner‚ 1953); however‚ our understanding of punishment contains substantial gaps‚ and basic research on punishment has declined rapidly over the past 40 years (Baron‚ 1991; Lerman & Vorndran‚ 2002). Furthering the understanding punishment as a process would have not only basic and theoretical implications
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Two individuals who supported Utilitarian Ethics were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Bentham believed that companies should go about decisions by determining "the greatest good for the greatest number" and whether situations would cause either pleasure or pain. Bentham would agree
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to communism. Government officials‚ police‚ and other advocates watched the society closely to ensure complete obedience reminding us of Michael Foucault’s theory of punishment and discipline and Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon. Analyzing East Germany circa 1984 through Florian von
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706694 Utilitarian and retributive theory of punishment Utilitarian Theorists believe that punishment should be developed based on what is best for the public as a whole. Utilitarian theorists are forward looking as opposed to retribution theorists. The goal of utilitarian theorists is to prevent a crime from happening again. In a general sense this means that the punishment for a certain crime needs to be great than the possible reward for committing the crime. A utilitarian theorist believes
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Looking out for the state of the public’s satisfaction in the scheme of capital sentencing does not constitute serving justice. Today’s system of capital punishment is thick with inequalities and injustices. The commonly offered arguments for the death penalty are filled with holes." It was a deterrent. It removed killers. It was the ultimate punishment. It is biblical. It satisfied the public’s need for retribution. It relieved the anguish of the victim’s family." All of these reasons prove to either
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There is a very clear way that any sophisticated utilitarian could handle this proposal. Obviously‚ they have to consider that the limited sports program needs to be incorporated‚ but at the same time they can’t cut too heavily into the current sports program. There is a very clear plan that would allow the physically impaired student to have their new sport program added‚ without greatly hindering the current sports program. It has been said that the cost of the new program is four times as high
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paper is to highlight the concept of affirmative action in the workplace‚ and explain why one person of gender or race would be hired over another more qualified for the position just to fulfill hiring requirements‚ while using Kantian and Utilitarian ethical theories to justify each side of the issue. Affirmative action policies can be described as any policies that attempt to actively dismantle institutionalized or informal cultural norms and systems of inscriptive group-based disadvantages‚ and the
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