Product costing assignment 1. (a) Split into fixed costs and variable costs‚ which are both allocated based on machine hours‚ but using separate rates. Also‚ make a distinction between the costs that are more directly related to the machines (e.g.‚ depreciation‚ electricity) and those that have been allocated to the machines from other cost centers. (b) Split total machine-related costs into three types: costs related to setup‚ production‚ and maintenance of the machines. For each type of
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Target Costing on Mercedez – Benz Mercedes-Benz (MB) is one of the world ’s most successful car manufacturers since its establishment in 1886. They used target costing in the design and production of one of its products‚ the M-Class‚ which is a new sports utility vehicle model‚ in response to their first time suffering loss in 1993 because of cost inefficiency and problems with material purchasing and adapting to market changes. MB started developing a range of new products such as the C-Class
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retire. (4) Training: the activity of learning or teaching the skills and knowledge needed for a particular job and activity. (5)Performance appraisal means evaluating an employees’ current and past performance relative to his or her performance standards. 四． 解答题 （4）绩效管理和绩效评估的差异？ 答：A绩效管理：一个完整的管理程序，解决问题，侧重于信息沟通与绩效提高，详细管理活动的全过程，事先沟通与承诺，关注未来的绩效。B，绩效评估：管理过程中的局部环节和手段，事后算账，侧重于判断与评估，只出现在特定时期，事后的评价，关注过去的绩效。 （5）你的工资有哪些因素决定？ 答：the labor market‚ ability to pay‚ cost of living‚ productivity‚ bargaining
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Absorption Costing vs. Variable (Direct) Costing Absorption cost systems are widely used to prepare financial accounts. These systems are designed to absorb all production costs (variable or fixed) into costs of units produced. Absorption costs techniques allow manufacturing costs to be traced and allocated into product costs. There are different types of absorption costing systems: job order costing‚ process costing‚ and ABC costing. In job order costing‚ costs are assigned to products in batches
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ADVANTAGES OF KAIZEN COSTING There are certain basic principles which are followed in various Japanese companies which are listed below: - 1) Focus on customers: The Kaizen philosophy has only one prime objective of customers’ satisfaction. Kaizen permits no middle ground its either you provide best products and customer satisfaction or not. All the activities should aim at providing customer with whatever he wants and should help the firm long term objective of customers’ satisfaction at
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Target Costing: A Historical Perspective Patrick Feil‚ Keun-Hyo Yook‚ Il-Woon Kim INTRODUCTION Target costing originated in Japan in the 1960s‚ though it remained a secret for years. Since the 1980s‚ however‚ when target costing was widely recognized as a major factor for the superior competitive position of Japanese companies‚ extensive efforts have been made to convey target costing to Western companies. Many large companies in North America and Europe have tried to adopt target costing to enhance
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Backflush Costing Backflush costing is a traditional and standard costing systems track costs as products pass from raw materials‚ to work in progress‚ to finished goods‚ and finally to sales. Such systems are called ’sequential tracking systems’ because the accounting system entries occur in the same order as purchases and production. Sequential tracking is common where management desires to track direct material and labor time to individual operations and products. Backflush costing is a method
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IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC COSTING IN BULK DRUG AND R&D DEPARTMENT OF A PHARMA INDUSTRY Submitted By KAUSTUBH NIJASURE Under the guidance of Prof. P.M. Nayak A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PART COMPLETITION OF MMS TO THE Vidyalankar Institute Of Technology Wadala (East)‚ Mumbai 400 031 JULY 14th‚ 2008 Executive summary: Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. has following divisions: 1. Bulk Drug 2. Formulations 3. Research and Development 4. Clinical Research
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though “ABC has emerged as a tremendously useful guide to management action that can translate directly into higher profit” (Kaplan and Copper1991) It is not fair to say that Absorption costing is no longer relevant. In fact ABC does not conform to GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles). Absorption costing is conventionally used for external reports‚ filings and other statutory compliances; where all of the manufacturing costs and only manufacturing costs are needed. For example auditors
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MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Target Costing at Toyota Akriti Kapoor 11PGDM003 Section A Introduction There are numerous differences between management practices in Western companies and companies in Japan. One of the main differences is related to cost reduction. A manager in Europe or the United States generally expects to use cost information to make decisions about pricing and investments‚ while a Japanese manager expects to use cost information to control costs. Toyota uses cost planning to generally
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