pay‚ sexual harassment‚ and promotion issues. One particular challenge women face is the fundamental right to have a family‚ which includes the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. Managers in every organization should be familiar with this important act and the associated legal issues. In this paper‚ I will discuss the Pregnancy Discrimination Act by reviewing the history‚ presenting the employer’s and employee’s perspective‚ and I will conclude with suggestions for all managers and employers. History
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Year 12 Unit 1 Model Answers Question 1 (a) Outline what is meant by alternative dispute resolution and how it operates within the civil justice system – 14 marks The phrase alternative dispute resolution‚ also known as ‘ADR’ essentially is a range of ways to avoid full scale litigation. Access to justice is a fundamental right and is protected under Article 6 European Convention of Human Rights‚ therefore‚ if society is to operate effectively there must a way of ensuring that disputes between
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Malaysian law is English law. Explain how English law and the other sources of law form part of the law of Malaysia. The law of Malaysia mostly based to the common law legal system. It was a final result of the colonisation of Malaya‚ Sarawak‚ and North Borneo by Britain in between 19th century to 1960s. The supreme law of the land—the Constitution of Malaysia—sets out the legal framework and rights of Malaysian citizens as they will obey all the rule that had been state. Federal laws enacted by
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Sources of common law I. Sources of the Common Law A. Court Decisions The principal source of positive law in the common law system is customary law. The common law system has some analogies to French medieval law: trial by jury‚ the binding nature of precedent. B. Statutes and treaties Statutes and treaties are the other source of law in the anglo-saxon world. However to be enforced even statutes and treaties must be ultimately interpreted by judges. Statutes are however controlling; that
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England formed their first law enforcement or criminal justice system sometime in the late ninth century. The law enforcement system that was established put the responsibility of keeping order on the citizens. This law enforcement or criminal justice system was known as a mutual pledge system. England’s king‚ Alfred the Great‚ was credited with forming the mutual pledge system. King Alfred formed this system to prepare his kingdom from an invasion by the Danish. The mutual pledge system is a system
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litigants who would otherwise have been severely disadvantaged by the common law. Discuss‚ with reference to decided cases. William the Conqueror found England with no single system of law common to the whole country. The law was mainly sets of customary rules which differed from area to area. For example‚ in one area you could get away with stealing‚ in another it would be seen as crime. There was no such thing as ‘ The English Legal System” until William’s invasion in 1066. William developed the
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1.Rule of LawThe rule of law‚ upheld by an independent judiciary‚ is one of Hong Kongs greatest strengths. This refers to some of the fundamental principles of law that govern the way in which power is exercised in Hong Kong. The rule of law has several different meanings and corollaries. Its principal meaning is that the power of the Government and all of its servants shall be derived from law as expressed in legislation and the judicial decisions made by independent courts. At the heart of Hong
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The Development of Common Law and Equity Common Law has been functioning in England since the 1250’s‚ two centuries after William the Conqueror defeated Earl Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and became King. It was then in 1066 that Law began to be standardised. There were‚ however‚ problems with the Common Law system and people were becoming dissatisfied with the remedies distributed by the Court. As a result‚ the Court of Chancery was established and could provide whatever
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nations in the world nowadays‚ and each has a different set of laws that govern its people and its relations with the rest of the world. Whereas‚ international law governs relations between states‚ institutions‚ and individuals across national boundaries‚ municipal law governs this same person within the boundaries of a particular state. The comparative law‚ which is the study‚ analysis‚ and comparison of the different municipal law systems‚ classifies countries into legal families. The two widely
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Common law reasoning and institutions Study Pack page 11 6 ‘The Judicial Practice of Precedent’ Adam Gearey Staff and students of the University of London External Laws Programme are reminded that copyright subsists in this extract and the work from which it was taken. This copy has been made under a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency of the UK (www.cla.co.uk). Any digital or printed copy supplied to or made by you under the terms of this licence is for use in connection with this course
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