Measuring the effect of the concentration of caffeine on heartbeats. Caffeine is a stimulant which increases cardiac arrhythmia (improper heart rate) by increasing stress hormone (e.g. adrenaline) secretions. It also increases blood pressure which contributes to the blockage of receptors such as adenosine A1 and A2 receptors. The caffeine blocking receptors also blocks vasodilatory function‚ in which blood vessels become less dilated. Hence wise‚ caffeine is also known as a mild stimulant of the
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Osmosis and Diffusion Title: Diffusion and Osmosis AP Lab 1 Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine the effects of a selectively permeable membrane on diffusion and osmosis between two solutions separated by a membrane. Hypothesis: Procedures: In lab manual Material: In lab manual Background Information: Data: Table 1 Diffusion of glucose and iodine. | Color | Glucose | Time | Dialysis Bag | Beaker | Dialysis Bag | Beaker | Start | | | | | 30 minutes
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Title: “The Effect of Substrate Concentration‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ pH and Temperature on Enzyme Activity” Abstract: In the following experiments we will measure precise amounts of potato extract as well as Phenylthiourea‚ combined with or without deionized water and in some instances change the temperature and observe and record the reaction. We will also investigate the different levels of prepared pH on varying samples of the potato extract and the Phenylthiourea and record the results.
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Osmosis Lab Research Question: In this lab‚ our goal was to look at the effects of different sucrose concentrations on osmosis in potatoes. Our research question was “How do the sugar levels affect the rate of osmosis in potatoes?”. Background Information: Solutions consist of solutes dissolved in a solvent. In all living organisms there are many different types of solutes including salts and sugars. The major solvent is water. There are different concentrations of solutes in various regions
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Title: Osmosis and water potential Aim of the experiment: Finding the water potential of potato. Biological principles: Independent variable: concentration of the solution. Dependent variable: percentage changed in weight of the potato strips. Controlled variable: size of the potato strips‚ it can be controlled by cutting the length of the strips. Procedure: Table 1. Concentration of sucrose solution table Concentration/ M | Sucrose Solution/ ml | Distilled
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sugar solution’s concentration is high or low it will expand or reduce. Plant cells always have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When the take up water by osmosis they start to swell‚ but the cell wall stops them from bursting. When they are put in dilute solutions‚ plant cells turn out to be “turgid” (swollen and hard). When the pressure inside the cell increases; No more water can’t enter the cell because the internal pressure of the cell is really high. “When plant cells are placed in concentrated
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Solute Concentration of a Potato Aim: In this investigation I am going to work out the sugar concentration of a potato. I aim to find this out by putting potato cores into various concentrations‚ measuring the mass before and after. Due to osmosis the potato cores will change in mass to make the concentrations at an isotonic level‚ helping us to work out the mass of the potato. I predict that potato in the weaker solutions will gain mass‚ because some water will be absorbed by the potato to make
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Effects of Temperature‚ pH‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ and Substrate Concentration on Enzymatic Activity INTRODUCTION Enzymes‚ proteins that act as catalysts‚ are the most important type of protein[1]. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions and can go without being used up or changed [3] Without enzymes‚ the biochemical reactions that take place will react too slowly to keep up with the metabolic needs and the life functions of organisms. Catecholase is a reaction between oxygen and catechol
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the spontaneous kinetic movement by which molecules move from an area of a high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion continues until it reaches equilibrium. Osmosis is similar to Diffusion but it’s the process in which water moves across a semi-permeable membrane and goes to the higher concentration of solute.1 2.2. Important factors to Osmosis and Diffusion include Temperature‚ Concentration and Surface area to volume ratio. Temperature can affect the rate in which a solute
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generation of secondary messengers that go on to regulate other physiological processes‚ as well as being responsible for the activation of some ion channels and enzymes and assisting in trafficking of proteins to the cell membrane (5‚ 8). Why is PIP2 then so important in hippocampal cells? PIP2 is a substrate for hydrolysis by the enzyme phospholipase C (PLC)‚ whereby the products of this interaction are the secondary messengers‚ diacyl Glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) (6‚ 8) that are
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