Dividend irrelevance theoryRelevance or irrelevance of retention for dividend policy irrelevance Carlo Alberto Magni Department of Economics‚ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia viale Berengario 51‚ 41100 Modena‚ Italy Email: magni@unimo.it Abstract. In an interesting recent paper‚ DeAngelo and DeAngelo (2006) highlight that Miller and Modigliani’s (1961) proof of dividend irrelevance is based on the assumption that the amount of dividends distributed to shareholders is equal or greater than
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a project is undertaken. Cash flows that will occur whether or not we accept a project are not relevant. Incremental cash flows Any and all changes in the firm ’s future cash flows that are a direct consequence of taking the project Note: A project ’s cash flows imply changes in future firm cash flows and‚ therefore‚ in the firm ’s future financial statements. Below are a couple examples of possible projects that would suggest consideration of an incremental item. 1) The development
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REASONS FOR DIVIDENDS Dividend policy is likely to be set in the form of a goal rather than a rigid rule‚ even though a definite policy has the advantage of providing the investor‚ or potential investor‚ a clear basis for choice. Investors knowing the dividend policy of the alternative companies can choose the type of company that best fits their individual investment goals. This is desirable‚ because stockholders differ in the extent to which they prefer dividends rather than opportunities for
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OF THE THREE DIVIDEND POLICY THEORIES Figure 13A-1 illustrates the three alternative dividend policy theories: (1) Miller and Modigliani’s dividend irrelevance theory‚ (2) Gordon and Lintner’s bird-in-thehand theory‚ and (3) the tax preference theory. To understand the three theories‚ consider the case of Hardin Electronics‚ which has from its inception plowed all earnings back into the business and thus has never paid a dividend. Hardin’s management is now reconsidering its dividend policy‚ and
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rights reserved. 1 Shareholder Wealth Effects of Dividend Policy Changes in an Emerging Stock Market: The Case of Cyprus* Nickolaos Travlos ALBA‚ Greece‚ and Cardiff Business School‚ U.K. Lenos Trigeorgis University of Cyprus‚ Cyprus‚ and University of Chicago‚ U.S.A. Nikos Vafeas University of Cyprus‚ Cyprus This article examines the stock market reaction to announcements of cash dividend increases and bonus issues (stock dividends) in the emerging stock market of Cyprus. Both events
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The year of 1974 was definitely not a time to forget as within this time unique events occurred. The completion of a world renown structure‚ the death of historical figure’s mother‚ and the uncovering of a soldier loyal to his orders long after the war’s end. Truly 1974 stands out in its diversity of events among other times. On January 15‚ the navy of the republic of China altercated with the south vietnamese navy resulting in a two day skirmish known as the battle of Hoang sea. The objective of
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consequences of competition for the pricing and output decisions of firms are most easily established in the model of pure competition‚1 which requires that 1. Potential buyers and sellers are numerous and each is so small relative to the market that individual decisions about purchases or output do not noticeably affect market demand or supply‚ nor‚ consequently‚ do individual decisions affect the market price. 2. Firms in the industry produce a homogeneous (standardized) good
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DEEMED DIVIDENDS can elect to have deemed dividend paid from capital dividend account by making 83(2) election resulting in no taxes may still elect if corporation has deemed dividend so as to transfer the Capital Dividend Account amount to the parent corporation if individuals receive deemed dividends: LRIP (lower rate income pool) from CCPC small business deduction plus investment income subject to integrations Gross up 25% $1‚000 x 1.25 = $1‚250 FDTC $167 [either 2/3 of gross up 1250
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INFLUENCE OF CAPITAL GEARING ON FIRM VALUE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDIAN TRANSPORT & LOGISTICS SECTOR ABSTRACT The transport and logistics sector is an essential contributor for the development of a country. Since the new economic reforms initiated in 1991‚ the transportation infrastructure of India has witnessed a paradigm change. The need for transport & logistics services grew at an annual rate of 10%‚ in the last decade the demand in the transport and logistics sector grew along with
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Introduction The optimal dividend policy of a firm depends on investor’s desire for capital gains as opposed to income‚ their willingness to forgo dividend now for future returns‚ and their perception of the risk associated with postponement of returns. However any normative approach to dividend policy intended to be operative under real world conditions should consider the firms investment opportunities‚ any preferences that investors have for dividends as opposed to capital gains and vice
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