soda‚ NaHCO3‚ is used to cause a cake to “rise”. When a weak acid such as vinegar‚ or buttermilk‚ or lemon juice is added to the baking soda‚ bubbles of carbon dioxide are produced. For example HC2H3O2 + NaHCO3 → H2O + CO2 + NaC2H3O2 Vinegar sodium sodium Bicarbonate acetate This release of gas is what causes the cake to increase in size. However‚ because baking soda tastes bitter and acids taste sour‚ it is important to add them close to their reacting
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Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by SnCl2: A Kinetic Investigation Abiney L. Cardoso‚ Soraia Cristina Gonzaga Neves and Marcio J. da Silva * Departament of Chemistry‚ Federal University of Viçosa‚ Viçosa‚ Minas Gerais‚ Brazil‚ 36570-000. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:silvamj2003@ufv.br Received: 5 August 2008; in revised form: 16 September 2008 / Accepted: 17 September 2008 / Published: 24 September 2008 Abstract: The production of biodiesel
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Introduction: Product and services design is playing important roles for an organization to go though business. As companies choose different ways to design their products and the type of services they provide. Which include: standardization‚ mass customization‚ delayed differentiation‚ modular design‚ and robust design. Deciding which method to use is very important along with deciding the company’s target market. Deciding the right method‚establishes good productivity and efficient way
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MANUFACTURE OF ACRYLIC ACID BY PARTIAL OXIDATION OF PROPYLENE Submitted by‚ P.V.R.Krishna Prasad. M.Prem Kumar. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We hereby place our sincere thanks to Dr.R.KARTHIKEYAN‚ Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering ‚ Faculty of Engineering and Technology‚ S.R.M University and the faculty members of Chemical Engineering Department for their full hearted co-operation and encouragement for the completion of this project. We extend our thanks to our Project guide Mr
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EMISSIONS FROM ADIPIC ACID AND NITRIC ACID PRODUCTION A C K N O WL E D G E M E N T S This paper was written by Heike Mainhardt (ICF Incorporated) and reviewed by Dina Kruger (USEPA). ABSTRACT Nitrous oxide (N2O) is generated as a by-product during the production of adipic acid and nitric acid. The main use for adipic acid is as a component of nylon-6/6; thus production trends are closely correlated with nylon consumption trends. Worldwide‚ there are very few adipic acid plants. The U.S. is
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1999 Adipic Acid (98/99-3) Currently operating commercial production processes for adipic acid depend on the production or purchase of KA oil (a mixture of cyclohexanone‚ the ketone or K component‚ and cyclohexanol‚ the alcohol or A component)‚ or of pure cyclohexanol‚ and its subsequent oxidation in solution to adipic acid using an excess of strong nitric acid. This report deals with KA oil/cyclohexanol production by various routes‚ followed by the common step of nitric acid oxidation. KA
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Contents Pages 1. Abstract 2. Description of the business 3. Justification of location 4. Selection of appropriate labour 5. Sources of Fixed and Working Capital 6. Role of the entrepreneur 7. Types and levels of Production 8. Quality control Measures 9. Use of technology 10. Linkages 11. Potential for growth & Government regulations 12. Ethical issues 13. Description of the Business: The full service sea food restaurant and fast
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NUCLEIC ACIDS I.BASIC CONCEPTS II.CLASSES III.CHEMICAL NATURE IV.FUNCTION I.BASIC CONCEPTS NUCLEIC ACIDS polymeric macromolecules‚ or large biological molecules‚ essential for all known forms of life are made from monomers known as nucleotides Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base If the sugar is deoxyribose‚ the polymer is DNA. If the sugar is ribose‚ the polymer is RNA. Together with proteins‚ nucleic acids are the most
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Vol. 1 ACETIC ACID 115 ACETIC ACID 1. Introduction Acetic acid [64-19-7]‚ CH3COOH‚ is a corrosive organic acid having a sharp odor‚ burning taste‚ and pernicious blistering properties. It is found in ocean water‚ oilfield brines‚ rain‚ and at trace concentrations in many plant and animal liquids. It is central to all biological energy pathways. Fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices yields 2–12% acetic acid solutions‚ usually called vinegar (qv). Any sugar-containing sap or juice can
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Batch Production Batch Production is a way of creating items in bulk. In batch production‚ general-purpose equipment and methods are commonly used to produce small quantities of items that will be made and sold for a limited time only. Usually a similar design and process will be used to make a new product‚ cars are a good example of this. Often after car has been made another version will be created that has got new features. In batch production specialized tools or items for construction purposes
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