that describes the formation of Earth’s early crust. a) 1. upper mantle cooled and crystallized 2. sediments formed 3. sediments drawn down into subduction zones 4. Partial melting of sediments and subducted slab 5. Magma with new chemical composition formed 6. Granite crust formed as magma crystallized 7. Subduction continued forming more magma 8. crust weathered 13) Explain how geologists have determined the age of Earth? a) Radio metric dating has determined that
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Plate Tectonics Designed to meet South Carolina Department of Education 2005 Science Academic Standards Table of Contents Plate Tectonics: The Beginning (slides 3 and 4) Layers of the Earth (slides 5 and 6) Standard 8-3.1 What are Tectonic Plates- movement? (slides 7 and 8) Standard 8-3.6 Tectonic Plate boundaries (slides 9-21) 1. Convergent boundary Ocean-continent (slide 10) Continent-continent (slide 11) Oceanic-oceanic (slide 12) Volcanism (slide 13) 2. Divergent boundary Sea-floor
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‘Evaluate how plate tectonics theory helps our understanding of the distribution of seismic and volcanic events’ In 1912‚ Alfred Wegener published his theory that a single super continent named Pangaea once existed about 300 million years ago. He proposed that Pangaea then later split into two continents of Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south and that today’s continents were the result of further splitting of these two land masses. Where the plates split are known as plate boundaries
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The principle visual difference between Shield volcanos and Stratovolcanoes is the shape‚ which is due to the composition of the magma. The Magma in most shield volcanos is basaltic and far less viscous than that in Stratovolcanoes. A shield volcano consists of a Caldera‚ central vent and magma reservoir while occasionally there are side vents or fissures. The caldera‚ which is Spanish for cauldron is at least a mile in diameter and is a depression in the cone of the volcano. It is built out of the
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Christian Hill 8/21/2013 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY CHAPTER 1 – STUDY GUIDE TERMS- Define Physical geology- studies the earths materials‚ processes and structures within plate tectonics framework‚ and understand the processes that operates beneath and upon its surface. Historical geology- examines the origin of the Earth and how Earth changed through time. Catastrophism- meaning the Earth’s landscape was shaped mainly of great catastrophes. Uniformitarianism- "the present is the key"‚ the
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FULL SET OF NOTES ON TECHTONICS 2012 AQA GEOGRAPHY FULL SET OF NOTES ON TECHTONICS 2012 AQA GEOGRAPHY TECHTONICS | TOPICS | UNDERSTOOD/COVERED? | PLATE MOVEMENT | | SEISMICITY | | VULCANICITY | | These notes were copied from an AQA textbook. They contain EVERYTHING you need to know for the exam for the tectonics section. You WILL however‚ need to use your own case studies as these are not included. You will need 2 case studies for volcanoes‚ and 2 case studies for earthquakes
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1. Summarize advances over time in determining the age of the Earth‚ including the importance of the discovery or radioactivity. Herodotus counted layers of earth near the Nile River in 450 B.C.E. The Bible was used in the Middle Ages to compute the age of the Earth. The 18th and 19th centuries brought a more scientific look into determining the age of the Earth by studying the salinities of the oceans‚ the rates of sedimentation‚ and models of cooling of different materials in order to calculate
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north of Mount St. Helens‚ on the clear Sunday morning of May 18‚ 1980. Seconds later‚ Mount Pinatubo is part of a chain of composite volcanoes along the Luzon arc on the west coast of the island (area map). The arc of volcanoes is due to the subduction of the Manila The volcano experienced major eruptions approximately 500‚ 3000‚ and 5500 years ago. The events of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption began in July 1990‚ when a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred 100 kilometers (62 miles) northeast
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being followed by a chain of waves. The main cause of tsunamis are submarine earthquakes. These are most common at subduction zones. Friction between subducting plates causes a build-up of pressure‚ eventually this pressure is released causing an earthquake. These submarine earthquakes can displace huge volumes of water. On the 26th December 2004 at the Indian plate/ Burma plate subduction zone‚ lots of pressure was suddenly released north-west of the coast of Sumatra‚ resulting in a megathrust earthquake
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the mantle; solid Asthenosphere-soft layer within the mantle Outer core-2‚266 km; liquid Inner core-1‚216 km; solid Pangaea-“super continent”‚ when all continents were connected Subduction-when one continental plate slides under another‚ at a deep-ocean trench Deep-ocean trench-a place in the ocean where subduction occurs Mid-ocean ridge-a place in the ocean where new crust is constantly being added sea-floor spreading- the sea floor is constantly spreading as crust is subducting into the mantle
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