of 2 portions of benzaldehyde and acetone in sodium hydroxide. The reaction that occurred in this experiment is known as a specific aldol condensation called Claisen-Schmidt. In the reaction‚ the carbonyl of benzaldehyde reacts quickly with the acetone anion to create a hydroxyketone that dehydrates in the presence of a base to give the desired product. 10 mL of 4M sodium hydroxide was added to a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. To the sodium hydroxide solution‚ 16 mL of ethanol was added along with 2.2 mL
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Chem 102 - Lab #2 Quantitative Analysis of a Soluble Sulfate Steven English Lab Instructor: Dr. Campo Date: Tuesday‚ February 5th 2013 Pre-Lab Questions A. Adding the acid to the sodium sulfate solution results in an increase in the solubility of any free anions present in the sample. This will happen because the present anions will bind with the hydrogen cations present in the acid. B. The sodium sulfate is boiled because experiments have shown that barium sulfate is 50
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Potato Lab Background information: A hypertonic solution is a concentration that is higher than the solution. A Hypotonic solution is a concentration that is lower than the solution. An isotonic solution is a concentration and solution that is the same amount. Hypothesis question: What will happen if you put a potato in hypertonic solution? What will happen if you put a potato in hypotonic solution? What will happen if you put a potato in isotonic solution? Hypothesis statement: If you
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A. Goal and Purpose: Session 1: In this lab‚ we will achieve a simple Friedel-Crafts alkylation of anthracene. The choice of anthracene as an aromatic substrate stems from two considerations. First‚ there is a question of regioselectivity. Second‚ anthracene and its derivatives are highly visible under UV light. Session 2: In this lab‚ we will complete a partial conversion of 9-acetylanthracene using m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA). We will also determine by NMR‚ the regiochemistry of the
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Singeing Desizing Scouring Souring Bleaching (Optional) Mercerizing Dyeing Printing Washing Drying Finishing (Cotton/Flax) (Alkali) (Acid) General theory of dyeing Dyeing is the process of coloring textile material by immersing them in on aqueous solution of dye which is called dye liquor to improve the off effectiveness of dyeing heat is applied in to the dye liquor the generally theory of dyeing explain the interaction among dye fabric and water. It explains: 1. Force of repulsion 2. Force attraction
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This lab report will be detailing the steps taken and the results discovered when using spectrophotometry to determine the percentage of copper in a copper-clad penny and the thicknes of the copper layer on the copper-clad penny. After 1982‚ copper coating has been used in the creation of the penny because the cost of pure copper has increase to the point that the amount needed t omake a penny cost far more than the actual value of the penny. This lab allowed us to see just how much copper coating
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Introduction In this lab‚ we experimented the effects of pH on the function of the enzyme catalase. Catalase is an enzyme that brings about the reaction by which hydrogen peroxide is decomposed to water and oxygen (Encyclopedia Britannica). The chemical reaction is shown as 2H2O2 = 2H2O + O2 (Keilin and Hartree 397). The reaction involves primarily the adsorption of hydrogen peroxide at the catalase surface. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase is regarded as involving
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Tim Readmond AP Biology Lab Report I. Title a. Modeling Diffusion and Osmosis II. Introduction a. If one places a 1.0 M solution of glucose inside a bag and then places that bag into a beaker containing a 1.0 M solution of sucrose‚ the percent of mass lost in the bag is 10.5%. The solution in the bag is hypertonic while the solution in the beaker is hypertonic‚ which is why water moves from the bag to the beaker and the bag loses mass. b. The purpose of this experiment is to see whether
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allowing water‚ glucose‚ salt and waste materials to pass through to the Bowman’s capsule but preventing and red blood cells and plasma proteins to pass through. Reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubules of the nephron. Water‚ glucose‚ amino acids‚ sodium and other nutrients are reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the capillaries surrounding the tubules. Water moves via the process of osmosis: movement of water from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Tubular secretion is
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Other products may include oxides of nitrogen. I know that some acids are weak and some are strong. A strong acid is one which ionises fully in solution to give hydrogen ions and‚ for example‚ chloride ions or sulphate ions. Sulphuric acid‚ hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are all strong acids. Ethanoic acid is a weak acids. That means that its solution contains a high proportion of molecules that haven’t split into ions. For all the reactions which give off hydrogen‚ the same ionic equation applies
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