Chapter 16 Study Guide 1. 462 Hermeticism – An intellectual movement beginning in the 15th c. that taught that divinity is embodied in all aspects of nature; included works on alchemy and magic as well as theology and philosophy; influenced leaders of Scientific Revolution‚ cont. into 17th c. 2. 463 Ptolemy – came up w/ Ptolemaic conception of universe: concentric spheres fixed around an unmoving Earth‚ in the order of moon‚ Merury‚ Venus‚ the sun‚ Mars‚ Jupiter‚ Saturn‚ and fixed stars‚ beyong
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Principles like those Parmenides assumed are said in contemporary jargon to be a priori principles‚ or principles of reason‚ which just means that they are known prior to experience. It is not that we learn these principles first chronologically but rather that our knowledge of them does not depend on our senses. For example‚ consider the principle “You can’t make something out of nothing.” If you wished to defend this principle‚ would you proceed by conducting an experiment in which you tried
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Western Civilization‚ Chapters 14-17 Exam Study online at quizlet.com/_88jqf 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. ____ was a Jewish philosopher who argued that religion should be voluntary‚ that secular states should promote tolerance‚ and that progress for everyone would come through humanitarianism. Moses Mendelssohn ____ was the "new scientist" whose work laid the foundation for Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. Johannes
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People are monists‚ dualists or pluralists depending on whether or not they believe that reality is composed of one‚ two or more substances. These positions may be represented as here indicated. Hindus‚ Buddhists and Animists are for the most part monists. They believe that reality is one and that everything that exists is a functioning part of that whole which is spirit. Western man for the most part may be called a monist also as he believes that God is dead and matter is the only substance to
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I. Introduction Sophie ’s World was a strange‚ unique and unpredictable novel. This was a combination of a story and lecture about the History of Philosophy. The Author of the book is Jostein Gaarner‚ a Norwegian Intellectual. He was born into a pedagogical family. He taught high school philosophy for eleven years‚ so he must have been mastered the history of Philosophy. He often writes from the perspective of children‚ exploring their sense of wonder about the world. His best known work is this
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Rationalism vs. Empiricism First published Thu Aug 19‚ 2004; substantive revision Thu Mar 21‚ 2013 The dispute between rationalism and empiricism concerns the extent to which we are dependent upon sense experience in our effort to gain knowledge. Rationalists claim that there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience. Empiricists claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge. Rationalists generally
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the phrase “express the whole universe” (§ 65‚ p. 281). If viewed from another perspective‚ one might say that since every bit of matter—or substance—is infinite (Spinoza‚ Pr. 8‚ p. 146)‚ and since infinite matter cannot be divided (Spinoza‚ Pr. 13‚ p. 149)‚ then each infinite part of infinite bodies must necessarily be God (Spinoza‚ Pr. 14‚ p. 149). Leibniz’ own view is quite similar; he says that since each piece of matter reflects the universe‚ souls are necessarily akin to “living mirrors …
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falsehood without the aid of revelation. Yet‚ of course‚ he accepts and devotes himself to revelation. This doctrine was against the well known Enlightenment skeptics‚ holding that all truths normally taken for granted. He is likely referring to Descartes and Spinoza‚ well known at the time by educated people. In fact‚ it is precisely these doctrines‚ and modernity in general‚ that has dulled our access to natural law (in the medieval‚ not modern‚ sense). So what exists for certain? That we exist‚ we experience
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In order for Lincoln to have a concept of charity‚ there had to be people before to start the conversation like Spinoza‚ Jefferson Winthrop‚ and Thomas Paine. Spinoza was basically the philosophical version of Lincoln. Spinoza understood that when charity is the bases of society‚ human types that follow law and order are created. When all of humanity acts “with God’s Spirit on the heart‚” then it must follow that democracy
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are the laws of reason; they are always and everywhere‚ and the axioms of mathematics they have only to be presented in order to be acknowledged as just and right by all men. This was the Golden Age of natural theology and deistical freethinking: Spinoza‚ Boyle‚ Locke‚ etc. During the Christian centuries religion has rested upon revelation; now it rested largely upon “Nature” and even the Orthodox who retain the supernatural basis felt that faith must be grounded firmly upon “Nature” before one had
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