mechanical damage to the spinal cord and usually leads to motor and sensory dysfunction subject to the condition of injury. SCI is one of the major causes of death and disability in clinical situations. SCI brings enormous psychological and economic burdens to individual family as well as the whole society as a whole. (1‚2‚3‚4‚5) In the United States there are approximately 282‚000 people suffering from SCI and an average growth of 17‚000 cases annually. (6) Spinal cord injury includes primary physical
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toward bilateral symmetry and cephalization * Invertebrate Nervous Organization * In simple animals‚ such as sponges‚ the most common observable response is closure of the osculum (central opening) * Hydras (cnidarians) have a nerve net that is composed of neurons * Planarians‚ (flatworms) have a ladderlike nervous system * In annelids (earthworm)‚ arthropods (crab)‚ and molluscs (squid) the nervous system shows further advances * Cephalization - concentration of
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The Autonomic Nervous System I - Key 1. Damage to the autonomic motor nerves would probably result in A. no change in muscle tone. B. muscle atrophy. C. flaccid paralysis. D. increased skeletal muscle contraction. Blooms Level: 2. Understand Fox - Chapter 09 #8 Section: 9.01 Topic: Nervous System 2. Damage to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord would cause heart rate to be chronically increased compared to normal. FALSE Blooms Level: 2. Understand Fox - Chapter 09 #42 Section: 9.02
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paper will examine the etiology‚ mechanisms‚ and manifestations of spinal cord injuries‚ as well as how they relate to the case study. Given A.D.’s status‚ spinal shock can be suspected. Spinal shock is defined as “a sudden and complete transection of the spinal cord that results in complete loss of motor‚ sensory‚ reflex‚ and autonomic function below the level of injury‚” and is often the immediate response to an acute spinal cord injury (Hung‚ 2009). After A.D. was ejected from his vehicle‚ he suffered
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immediate care‚ preferably at a hospital. Common types of injuries include traumatic brain injuries‚ spinal cord injuries‚ and concussions. Each year‚ 1.4 million people in the United States sustain a traumatic brain injury. Trauma is the leading cause of death in people under the age of 40‚ since head injury is more common in young adults than senior citizens. Several types of injuries
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Anatomy and Physiology SpinalCord The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system of the human body. It is a vital pathway that conducts electrical signals from the brain to the rest of the body through individual nerve fibers. The spinal cord is a very delicate structure that is derived from the ectodermal neural groove‚ which eventually closes to form a tube during fetal development. From this
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SPINAL CORD INJURY CASE STUDY 2 Abstract This spinal cord injury case is about my 50 year old brother named Kevin that fell off our mother’s roof and fractured his vertebra at the T5-T9 level. He is now a paraplegic that has come to live with my family. What is his functional level to this day? What are the capabilities and functional limitations
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Chapter 16 The Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic (Thoraco-lumbar) division Parasympathetic (Cranial-sacral) division Somatic Motor vs Visceral Motor ■ ■ ■ ■ Somatic motor is directed from cortical levels to skeletal muscles and is voluntary. Visceral motor is directed from hypothalamus and midbrain and is involuntary‚ but has input from cortex and thalamus. Somatic lower motor neuron is in ventral horn of gray matter and neurotransmitter at skeletal muscle is Ach. Visceral motor comes from
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Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries Dr. April 30‚ 2014 By Elisa Vigil Prevention and Care of Athletic Injuries The causes of a spinal cord injuries result from damage to the vertebrae‚ ligaments or disks of the spinal column or to the spinal cord itself. Traumatic spinal cord injury may come from a sudden‚ traumatic blow to your spine that fractures‚ dislocates‚ crushes or compresses one or more of your vertebrae. Another cause of this can be from a gunshot or knife wound that
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June 16‚ 2014 A Case of Spinal Cord Injury 1. Describe the functional anatomy of the spinal cord using the following terms: white matter‚ gray matter‚ tracts‚ roots and spinal nerves. The spinal cord consists of a superficial White matter and a deep Gray matter. The white matter consists of myelinated axons‚ which form nerve tracts and the Gray matter consists of neuron cell bodies‚ dendrites and axons. The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into ventral‚ dorsal
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