The Social Identity Theory addresses phenomena such as prejudice‚ discrimination‚ intergroup conflict and stereotyping in terms of personality or interpersonal interactions. Tajfel and Turner (1979) suggested that the differentiation of two groups was enough for the emergence of prejudice. Stereotyping is seen as unfair generalisations about members of a group. It is viewed as problematic and resistent to change. Stereotypes are cognitive representations of how members of a group are similar to one
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January 9‚ 2013 Unit 1 Discussion Board Aspects of Psychology Which do you think is more effective‚ reinforcement or punishment? As far as which is more effective‚ I can see the pros and cons for each. If a person is punished for something they do‚ they might think twice about performing that same action in the future. Negative reinforcement- An example of this type of reinforcement could be when your parents ask you week after week to clean your room. The reactions you are feeling from
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Memory One of the human functions that is intriguing to me and makes people unique from each other is human memory. I am finding that through experiences and what we remember from those experiences‚ our brain develops and humans form their interpretation of the world and the things around them based on their memory. Our favorite films and the ones we dislike the most are part of the many things that we draw our conclusions from based on memory. Knowing this can help me create more dynamic characters
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Social Life The aftermath of the Civil War made a mark on writers during the era. The occurrences and reconstruction of America had changed some writing to shift from realism to depicting social life in literature. The view of many writers focused on the effects of the war like death‚ sadness‚ and people confronted with poverty. This is followed up with the Great Depression and World War I. People saw war first hand in bombings‚ killing‚ murders‚ and voracity. A group of writers chose this
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of psychopathy should be addressed‚ and how the offender should be punished including specific aspect of the sentence. However‚ psychologists’ expert testimonies labeling an offender as psychopath can lead to biased jurors’ sentences. Moreover‚ psychology is far from a perfect science and therefore contains many contradictions on psychopathy
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PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Physiological psychology focuses on the relationship between our biological makeup and our behaviour and experiences. This area of psychology can be very convincing. For example we do know that the structure of our nervous system (including our brains) and the action of chemicals can have an effect on our behaviour. Some physiological psychologists take a reductionist argument to answer the above question. That is‚ they argue that behaviour and experiences can
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acceptance‚ and compassion. Mindfulness has been popularized in the West by Jon Kabat-Zinn with his Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. Mindfulness is also an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. Clinical psychology and psychiatry since the 1970s have developed a number of therapeutic applications based on mindfulness for helping people who are experiencing a variety of psychological
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Coherent Psychology: the scientific study of the human mind and its functions‚ especially those affecting behavior in a given context. How is psychology a science? It is based on the scientific method. In other words we use research and empirical data to answer theories‚ make predictions and try to explain a phenomena. In Psychology‚ you observe human behavior. The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind. The availability heuristic operates
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they were actually fed. This linking of two unrelated stimuli‚ to elicit a specific reflexive reaction or UCR (unconditioned response)‚ is an example of a learned behavior. This belief that only observable behavior should be the main focus of psychology was continued by the works of John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Watson believed that thinking‚ feeling‚ or consciousness should not be considered because it was not observable (Davis and Palladino‚ p. 195). They believed that learning was a permanent
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The ethical dilemma reported in this example relates to the proprietary rights of professionally written material in that an expert in a specialty area of psychology was entrusted to review and assess a manuscript written by a newer psychologist. Along with providing the new practitioner with very critical and somewhat disparaging feedback on the piece‚ the expert also recommended not submit the manuscript for publishing as well. Almost a year later‚ however‚ the newer psychologist ran across an
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