Civil Liberties | Freedoms guaranteed to individuals | Civil rights | Powers or privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected from arbitrary removal at the hands of government or individuals. | Establishment clause | The first clause in the First Amendment‚ which prevents the government from interfering with the exercise of religion. | Free- exercise clause | the second clause of the 1st Amendment; prohibits the U.S. government from interfering with a citizen’s right to practice his or
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Plessy v. Ferguson 14th amendment- equal protection Argued 1896‚ Decided-1896 Louisiana placed a law giving separate railway cars for blacks and whites. In 1892‚ Homer Plessy- 7/8 Caucasian‚ sat in a "whites only" car of a Louisiana train‚ and refused to move to the car for blacks and was then arrested. The Court had to decide whether the Louisiana law was unconstitutional under the 14th amendment. The Court ruled that the state law was within its constitutional boundaries. The majority of this
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Plessy V. Ferguson- Topics 1. An Eventful Ride 2. Free Colored People 3. The Separate Car Act 4. Plessy Case 5. The Verdict (Louisiana Supreme Court 6. Back to Ferguson’s Court An Eventful Ride On June 7‚ 1892‚ respected admired New Orleans merchant Homer Plessy‚ in his 30‚ hopped on a train at the Press Street depot in New Orleans‚ on the way to Covington‚ Louisiana‚ couple of hours away. Plessy had purchased a first-class ticket‚ and was resembling the people sitting the in
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During the Fairclough’s article discussion‚ one of the key research materials that have rarely received scholarly attention pertains to the legal documents held in the NAACP archive. Fairclough asserted that “the NAACP legal offensive against separate and inferior education in 1935 and culminated in the 1954 Brown decision.” When analyzing the Sweatt v. Painter case study‚ it became evident that predominately all of the author’s under analysis acquired their information from NAACP historical records
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racism didn ’t exist in the Northern states‚ but segregation wasn ’t as wide spread in northern areas. From Jacob Lawrence’s point of view‚ he experienced this racism and segregation first hand being a man of color. Starting in 1890 with a “separate but equal” status for African Americans‚ the Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that were set up to enforce racial segregation. This segregation was implemented in all public facilities in the Southern United States until the year 1965. Being born
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laws enforced here in the south. It was legal to have separate schools‚ housing‚ transportation‚ etc. for both races‚ black and white citizens. In the Brown case the Supreme Court ruled separate schools to be unconstitutional. However some states still violated the law. In the 1968 case‚ “Green v. County School Board‚ the Court reviewed a freedom-of-choice plan adopted by a small district in Virginia.” The school district created separate K-12 schools‚ one for Black and one for Whites. The students
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The Gilded Age The purpose of this essay is to show how the Industrial Revolution of the Gilded Age contributed to increased problems in gender‚ race and class in the latter half of 19th century America. Mark Twain coined the term "The Gilded Age" between the years 1870 and 1900 America in reference to the gold gilding that became popular in the era‚ but also masked very serious social conflicts that arose across the country (Twain‚ 1996). Ultimately‚ with economic growth came wider income gaps
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1) Citation Palsgraf v. Long Island R. Co 248 N.Y. 339‚ 162 N.E. 99 (1928) Court of Appeals of New York 2) Key facts a. The plaintiff‚ Helen Palsgraf‚ was waiting for a train on a station platform. b. A man carrying a package was rushing to catch a train that was moving away from a platform across the tracks from Palsgraf. c. As the man attempted to jump aboard the moving train‚ he seemed unsteady and about to fall. d. A railroad guard on the car reached forward to grab him and another guard
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The books that we discussed this week were two historical fiction books‚ Separate is Never Equal and Sylvia & Aki‚ and one history book‚ the Journey: Japanese Americans‚ Racism & Renewal. I love how the three books give me more than just the pleasure of reading. I also love the fact they have given me better understanding and more knowledge of the lives and the struggles of Mexican Americans and Japanese Americans in the past ‚ in the ways that historical fiction books and a factual historical
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Both the movie “Separate but Equal”‚ and the article “ How the Supreme Court Arrives at Decisions” by William J. Brennan‚ Jr.‚ shows how the Supreme Court deals with issues‚ and what it takes for them to come up with a decision. It is a very complicated process because they have to be able to interpret the text of thee Constitution and come up with a ruling which so often can change a current law and affect every citizen in the United States. If they do not take the time need then it can be catastrophic
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