COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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DECISION MAKING IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Decision making is a process of selecting the best among the different alternatives. It is the act of making a choice. There are so many alternatives found in the hospitality industry. It is the selection of choice of one best alternative. Before making decisions all alternatives should be evaluated from which advantages and disadvantages are known. It helps to make the best decisions. Strategies for Decision Making It can be argued that an individual
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Accounting is the collection and aggregation of information for decision makers including managers‚ investors‚ regulators‚ lenders‚ and the public. Accounting systems affect behavior and management and have affects across departments‚ organizations‚ and even countries. This paper will give the reader an understanding about cost accounting. This paper will discuss: Why is cost accounting so important to the success of the firm; what are the various methods of cost accounting and how are they used;
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Management‚ the Controller‚ and Cost Accounting Management According to Henry Fayol’s Industrial and General Administration‚ "to manage is to forecast and to plan‚ organize‚ to command‚ to co-ordinate and to control". To an organization‚ those various activity can be narrowed to Planning‚ Organizing and Control by three groups of management: operating management‚ middle management and executive management with different role in each level. Planning is the process of sensing external opportunities
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manufacturing cost categories. LO2 Distinguish between product costs and period costs and give examples of each. including calculation of the cost of goods sold. LO4 Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured. LO5 Understand the differences between variable costs and fixed costs. LO6 Understand the differences between direct and indirect costs. LO7 Define and give examples of cost classifications used in making decisions: differential costs‚ opportunity costs‚ and sunk costs. LO8
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1. In an accounting information system‚ which of the following is NOT a transformational process? a. collecting data b. analyzing data *c. performance reporting d. summarizing data 2. Which of the following is NOT a process associated with an accounting information system? *a. auditing existing data b. collecting and recording data c. providing information to users d. analyzing and managing data 3. In an accounting information system‚ the inputs are usually a.
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DECISION MAKING INTRODUCTION Decision making is an essential aspect of modern management. It is a primary function of management. A manager’s major job is sound/rational decision-making. He takes hundreds of decisions consciously and subconsciously. Decision-making is the key part of manager’s activities. Decisions are important as they determine both managerial and organizational actions. A decision may be defined as "a course of action which is consciously chosen from among a set of alternatives
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different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
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3.05 Marginal Cost Analysis Name:______________________________________________ Step One: Launch the data generator to get started (located in the last page of the lesson‚ or use the numbers given below: Quantity Price (in whole dollars) Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Total Cost Marginal Cost Profit (or loss) 0 42 0 35 1 41 41 68 2 40 80 94 3 39 117 107 4 38 152 114 5 37 185 129 6 36 216 180 7 35 245 235 8 34 272 296 Step Two: Determine a product
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Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 229-231 (2012) pp 2775-2778 © (2012) Trans Tech Publications‚ Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.229-231.2775 Airline Revenue Management: Optimization Using Origin-Destination Strategy Controlled by Nested Heuristics Ajyuk J. Raj1‚ a‚ N. Ganesh Kumar2‚ b‚ S. Jayaraj3‚ c 1 M.E.‚ Department of Mechanical Engineering‚ PSG College of Technology‚ Coimbatore-641004‚ Tamil Nadu‚ India. 2 Assistant Professor‚ Department of Mechanical Engineering
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