Hypothesis testing I Kevin Soo Outline • • • • Theory and the research process What is a hypothesis? Hypothesis testing Statistical models Theory and the research process Theory • A belief – Can be true or false – P (belief) • A proposed/possible explanation for something – ‘Some students do poorly at statistics because they have less exposure to mathematics’ – ‘Women don’t date me because I’m ugly’ – ‘Manchester United lost the Premier League because they struggled with injury
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As a young girl‚ I remember watching many Disney movies. Learning about child development in this section of the class‚ the movie Tarzan came into my mind. In this movie‚ a baby boy is left to fend for himself after a leopard in the wild kills his parents. Tarzan‚ after being orphaned‚ is found by a mother gorilla. Tarzan quickly begins to integrate with the way of the apes that he lives with. All the while‚ he is fully aware at all times how different he is from the animals he is in company with
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Psychology 102 – Midterm Essay Midterm Essay Herbert Joseph Psychology 102 The classical conditioning approach is an associative learning approach that played a major role in the development of the science of psychology. Classical conditioning can also be referred to as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. The process begins with a stimulus in the environment‚ the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)‚ which produces a natural behavior‚ the unconditioned response (UCR) in an organism. For example
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One of the assumptions of the Cognitive Approach is that internal mental processing should be studied. This is different to the Behaviourist Approach as they believe in behaviour that is observable but cognitive psychologists study the mind internally. Another assumption of the Cognitive Approach is that the human mind should be compared to a computer to see how it works. Cognitive psychologists believe humans input information (senses)‚ process it (memory‚ perception etc.) and output it (behaviour)
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Release date: 27 April 2014 Submission date: 9 May 2014 TUTORIAL ON HYPOTHESIS TESTING (1) Basic Concept 1. State the null and alternative hypothesis for each conjecture : a. A researcher thinks that if expectant mothers use vitamin pills‚ the birth weight of the babies will increase. The average birth weight of the population is 3.0kg. b. An engineer hypothesizes that the mean number of defects can be decreased in a manufacturing process of compact disks by using robots instead of humans
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Hypothesis Testing The sole purpose of hypothesis testing is to determine whether or not research that has been collected is proved or disproved; usually allowing up to a 5% error factor. By using this 5% margin of error a researcher can consider the question of research being conducted is proven. There are five steps to be followed in doing hypotheses testing. The steps are: developing the research question‚ specifying between null and alternative hypotheses‚ calculating the statistic‚ computing
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HYPOTHESIS TESTING WHAT IS THIS HYPOTHESIS???? • In simple words it means a mere assumption or supposition to be proved of disproved. • But‚ for a researcher it is a formal question that he intends to resolve. • Example: I assume that 1) under stress and anxiety a person goes into depression. 2) It leads to aggressive behaviour. Eg. : Students who get better counselling in a university will show a greater increase in creativity than students who were not counselled. • So‚ the hypothesis
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Engineering Classification of Software Testing Tools Based on the Software Testing Methods Khaled M. Mustafa‚ Rafa E. Al-Qutaish‚ Mohammad I. Muhairat Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan‚ Airport Street‚ Amman‚ Jordan Abstract During the software development life cycle‚ testing is highly needed to assure the quality of the software process and product. For many years‚ researchers and practitioners came-up with a variety of software tools to automate the testing process. In this paper‚ we will classify
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Software Testing Carnegie Mellon University 18-849b Dependable Embedded Systems Spring 1999 Authors: Jiantao Pan mailto:%20jpan@cmu.edu Abstract: Software testing is any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program or system and determining that it meets its required results. [Hetzel88] Although crucial to software quality and widely deployed by programmers and testers‚ software testing still remains an art‚ due to limited understanding of the principles of software
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and cleaning supplies” (Peta). 92 percent of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials because they are too dangerous or don’t work. Human and animal testing agree only 5-25% of the time‚ according to Huntingdon Life Sciences these stats show that animal testing is definitely not perfect. The animals that are generally used in research are mice‚ rats‚ rabbits‚ guinea pigs‚ primates‚ dogs‚ cats‚ cows‚ fish‚ and birds. They are bred either in the laboratory
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