PROTEIN TRANSLATION 1. Initiation Translation To begin translation: large and small ribosomal subunit‚ along with the initiating tRNA‚ assembles onto the mRNA 2. Translation Elongation The next amino acyl-tRNA enters the ribosome at the A site The amino acid at the P site is transferred to the tRNA at the A site. The ribosome moves one codon farther along the mRNA‚ releasing the empty tRNA through the E (exit) site. The A site is free for the next incoming RNA. The cycle is repeated as the
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OUTLINE What is PCR and Gel Electrophoresis? • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique which is used to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA‚ in order to produce enough DNA to be adequately tested. This technique can be used to identify with a very high-probability‚ disease-causing viruses and/or bacteria‚ a deceased person‚ or a criminal suspect. • Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique for separating electrically charged molecules. It is a central technique
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Figure 1: Affinity chromatography of fumarase with the Ni2+-NTA-agarose column. Extract (9.9 mL) containing yeast (3.76g) in extraction buffer containing 0.1% Igapel CA-630 and protease inhibitors were pumped through Ni2+-NTA-agarose column. Fractions were collected by 1.5 mL portions by use of wash buffer (20.0 mL)‚ imidazole elution buffer (26.3 mL)‚ and wash buffer (10.0 mL)‚ again. Absorption readings were taken for all fractions with a Cary50 set at 280nm. The fumarase activity was determined
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Characterization: There are generally two types of characterization‚ explicit (direct) and implicit (indirect) characterization. Explicit characterization: A character is portrayed by direct description of his outward appearance and by directly naming his human and mental qualities or abilities. Implicit characterization: A character is portrayed by what he does or by describing his environment. From what he does or from his surroundings one draws conclusions as to what kind of character
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capillaries) =glomerular capillaries have high hydrostatic pressure (60 mmHg) which causes rapid fluid filtration =peritubular capillaries have lower hydrostatic pressure (13 mmHg) which permits rapid fluid reabsorption =kidneys can regulate the hydrostatic pressure in both capillaries by: a) adjusting the resistance of the afferent and efferent arterioles b) changing the rate of glomerular filtration‚ tubular reabsorption‚ or both in response to body homeostatic demands The Nephron is the
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Chromatography is a process used to separate mixtures. The word chromatography is derived from the Greek words ‘khroma’ and ‘graphein’ meaning ‘color’ and ‘to write’ or to represent. Although there are a couple different types of chromatography‚ in each case a substance is placed onto or into a medium and a solvent is passed through the test substance. In chromatography science‚ the solvent is called the mobile phase or the carrier fluid and the medium is called the stationary phase. There are four
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Candy chromatography is a method of analysis of separating and comparing of dyes used in candies and food coloring. It is also a proven method to analyze candy and its complex mixture‚ without having to taste it. These complex mixtures can be separated back into pure substances. To find out the ingredients of a favorite candy‚ chromatography would help to define every ingredient found in the candy sample. The word chromatography is derived from the two Greek words‚ "chroma" meaning color
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LAB TH 7-9:50pm 29 August 2013 Biology Lab Report Lab #1 –PROTEIN EXTRACTION LAB I. INTRODUCTION To begin the process of protein extraction and compare the results in a study‚ it is necessary to understand the importance of proteins‚ the process of extraction and how you are using the results to determine a rational conclusion. First understand proteins and the necessity of studying their impact. Proteins are essential molecules for biological functions and are the stimulant for
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AGAROSE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique for the analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. Most every molecular biology research laboratory routinely uses agarose gel electrophoresis for the preparation and analysis of DNA. We will be using agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the presence and size of PCR products. Background: Electrophoresis is a method of separating substances based on the rate of movement while under the influence of an electric field
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Chromatography serves mainly as a tool for the examination and separation of mixtures of chemical substances. Chromatography is using a flow of solvent or gas to cause the components of a mixture to migrate differently from a narrow starting point in a specific medium‚ in the case of this experiment‚ filter paper. It is used for the purification and isolation of various substances. There are two phases in chromatography: 1. Stationary Phase – a solid that does not move. In this experiment was the
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