The Shareholders vs. Stakeholders Debate T he stakeholder theorists smell blood. Scandals at Enron‚ Global Crossing‚ ImClone‚ Tyco International and WorldCom‚ concerns about the independence of accountants who are charged with auditing financial statements‚ and questions about the incentive schema and investor recommendations at Credit Suisse First Boston and iMerrill Lynch have all provided rich fodder for those who question the premise of shareholder supremacy. Many observers have claimed that
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Chapter 158 Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 158-1 a. The optimal distribution policy is one that strikes a balance between dividend yield and capital gains so that the firm’s stock price is maximized. b. The dividend irrelevance theory holds that dividend policy has no effect on either the price of a firm’s stock or its cost of capital. The principal proponents of this view are Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM). They
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Memo to Shareholders – Carpino Company To: Shareholders‚ Carpino Company Inc. From: Subject: First Year Performance of Carpino Company Introduction Upon completion of Carpino Company’s first year of business‚ it is with great satisfaction that I present to you the year end Cash Flow Statement and analysis for the period ended January 31‚ 2007. You will notice the statement as presented shows in detail the various operating‚ investing‚ and financing activities of the organization. Analysis
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Stakeholders vs. Shareholders The definition of business strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal or set of goals or objectives. Stakeholder is a person‚ group‚ or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization’s actions‚ objectives‚ and policies. Shareholder is someone who owns shares of stock in a corporation or mutual fund. For corporations‚ along with the ownership comes a right
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Requirements for Valid Action at a Shareholder Meeting * Read statute‚ bylaws and articles * 1. Authority for the meeting * 2. Proper notice (or waiver of notice) * 3. Quorum * 4. Required number of votes cast in favor 1. Authority for Meeting * The meeting must be authorized * Look to statute and bylaws for authorization * Annual meetings MBCA §7.01 * Special meetings MBCA § 7.02 * Court ordered meetings MBCA § 7.03
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profit maximization Definition A process that companies undergo to determine the best output and price levels in order to maximize its return. The company will usually adjust influential factors such as production costs‚ sale prices‚ and output levels as a way of reaching its profit goal. There are two main profit maximization methods used‚ and they are Marginal Cost-Marginal Revenue Method and Total Cost-Total Revenue Method. Profit maximization is a good thing for a company‚ but can be a bad thing
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November 6‚2012 1. Conditions for profit maximization are: a) Difference between total revenue (TR) and total cost (TC) is maximized; b) Marginal revenue (MR) should be equal to marginal cost (MC) Explanations: If we assume that the company is facing a downward – sloping curve and it produces just one single product a) Profit = TR – TC. Profit will increase if TR increases and TC decreases. If company wants profit maximization‚ it should be TR maximization and TC minimization. The maximized
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The owners of a corporation are the Shareholders. They control the firm’s management by controlling the corporation’s direction‚ policies and activities. First‚ they elect a Board of Directors‚ who then‚ select top management. These members of top management serve as corporate officers and manage the operations of the corporation in the best interest of the shareholders. An agency relationship exists between stockholders and management because the shareholders select the directors of the Corporation
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Michelle Trejo Dr. King Human Nature and the Social Order II June 6‚ 2008 “The Wealth of Nations” Adam Smith‚ the author of “The Wealth of Nations”‚ was a Scottish moral philosopher during the Industrial Revolution who was inspired by his surroundings to write about the field of economics. Being a man of intellect on various types of philosophical views‚ Smith was able to portray his passionate feelings about political thought through his well-written works. While publishing his book‚ Smith became
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Stakeholder versus Shareholder Stakeholder theory thinks that the enterprise is a series of contracts with various stakeholders to form various stakeholder consultations‚ the outcome of a transaction‚ whether investors‚ managers‚ employees‚ customers‚ suppliers‚ or government departments‚ community‚ etc.‚ they are enterprise-specific investments and bear the risks. On the other hand‚ Shareholder theory thinks that not only the market will be sound‚ permanent‚ and viable‚ but also the ethical issues
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