THE ECONOMICS OF MASS PRODUCTION. The United States economy changed dramatically in the period following the Civil War. Business itself changed during this time: various ways were tried to increase the size of businesses‚ including trusts and holding companies. The average standard of living more than doubled between 1870 and 1910 and manufacturing‚ rather than agriculture‚ became businesses central feature. A major factor in this increase was the rise of big businesses and the widespread use
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FACTORS OF PRODUCTION In economics‚ factors of production are the inputs to the production process. Finished goods are the output. Input determines the quantity of output i.e. output depends upon input. Input is the starting point and output is the end point of production process and such input-output relationship is called a production function. ’Factors of production’ may also refer specifically to the ’primary factors’‚ which are stocks including land‚ labor (the ability to work)‚ and capital
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PRODUCTION FUNCTION Objectives After going through this unit‚ you should be able to: familiarise with the concepts and rules relevant for production decision analysis; understand the economics of production; understand the set of conditions required for efficient production. Introduction to Microbes Structure 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 Introduction Production Function Production Function with one Variable Input Production Function with two Variable Inputs The Optimal Combination
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Mass production refers to the making of large quantities of standardized products. The process involves division of labour and each worker specializes in one or two tasks‚ doing repetitive work. On the other hand‚ the craftsman is the expert who is solely responsible for all the steps involved in producing the product. There is assumption that the craftsman is the master who has skill‚ and expertise to ensure that all his products are of a good quality. Whether mass production will inevitably lead
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To understand how growth can occur‚ we need to consider the factors of production. Economists observe that in the production of any good‚ four factors of production are involved. These are 1. Land The physical land‚ but also comprising all the natural resources on the earth‚ below the earth or in the atmosphere. There is a distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those that can be used and replaced. For example‚ water in a lake can be used‚ but can
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What is Production Function? Definition and Explanation: ‚ Production of goods requires resources or inputs. These inputs are called factors of production named as land‚ labor‚ capital and organization. A rational producer is always interested that he should get the maximum output from the set of resources or inputs available to him. He would like to combine these inputs in a technical efficient manner so that he obtains maximum desired output of goods. The relationship between the inputs and
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Marx and the Marxist theory of historical materialism‚ a mode of production (in German: Produktionsweise‚ meaning ’the way of producing ’) is a specific combination of: * productive forces: these include human labour power and available knowledge given the level of technology in the means of production (e.g. tools‚ equipment‚ buildings and technologies‚ materials‚ and improved land). * social and technical relations of production: these include the property‚ power and control relations governing
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PRODUCTION THEORY AND THEORY OF COSTS Production and Production Theory Production refers to the transformation of inputs into outputs (or products) An input is a resource that a firm uses in its production process for the purpose of creating a good or service. Most resources are lumped into three categories: - Land - Labor - Capital The two kinds of inputs: Fixed vs. Variable Inputs Fixed inputs -resources used at a constant amount in the production of a commodity. Variable inputs
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COST OF PRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of costs 3.1 Opportunity‚ implicit and explicit costs 3.2 Fixed and variable costs 3.3 Average costs 3. Types of cost curves 4.4 Marginal cost curve 4.5 Average cost curves 4. Costs in Short run and in the Long run 5.6 Short run 5.7 Long run 5.8 Economies of scale 5. Cost analysis in the real world 6.9 Economies of scope 6.10 Experiential
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very crucial topic in every country of the world. Economy plays a major role in people’s lives‚ because it’s a part of their will being. Thee major factors of the economy of its production are land‚ labor‚ and capital‚ which are all very closely interdependent with each other. Looking at the first factor of production "land"‚ we see that land gives us food‚ money‚ place to live and enjoy our lives. For example‚ the family farm (Project#6) is still a very important part of American life as it
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