This lecture by Stiglitz is about how and why Pareto or near-Pareto improvement is hard to achieve‚ through his experience in Council of Economic Advisors for the United States government. First‚ Stiglitz writes about Adam Smith`s invisible hand theory as an explications of conditions under which market equilibrium will be Pareto efficient‚ and discusses about the importance of government intervention by writing that in presence of imperfect information or incomplete market‚ there will always be
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Module 1: Accounting under ideal conditions Ideal conditions; certainty and uncertainty (including differences & similarities)‚ dividend irrelevancy‚ arbitrage‚ accretion of discount‚ abnormal earnings RRA - SFAS69; weaknesses of RRA (relevant but not as reliable) Historical Accounting Revisited mixed measurement model‚ (relatively reliable but lacks relevance)‚ revenue recognition‚ recognition lag Relevance VS Reliability -> tradeoffs (Without ideal conditions‚ complete relevance &
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earnings quality since net income does not representatively portray the economic performance of the business entity for the period. Income smoothing relies not on falsehoods and distortions but on the wide leeway existing in alternatively accepted accounting principles and their interpretations. It is conducted within the structure of gaap. In effect‚ it redistributes income statement credits and charges among periods. The prime objective is to moderate income variability over the years by shifting
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DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING THEORY IN MALAYSIA LECTURER: DR. ROSMILA SENIK GROUP MEMBERS: AHMAD SABRI IZZAT BIN RAMLI 134918 ROSMALINDA BT ISMAIL 135047 MOHD SHUKRY BIN MD TAIB 134820 ILY IRYANI ISTIHAR 135272 Introduction Studies of accounting development in Malaysia more focus on the politics of
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the society. In this report‚ it will use Legitimacy theory to explain BP’s response to this event. Legitimacy theory can be treated as a explanation for voluntary corporate disclosures in annual report. As (Dowling&Pfeffer‚ 1975) says a corporation must act in congruence with norms and society value. First of all‚ Legitimacy theory is based on the concept of substantive rationality and replies upon the notion of a social contract. This theory asserts that organizations seek to ensure that they
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references Cho‚ CH & Patten‚ DM 2007‚ ‘The role of environmental disclosures as tools of legitimacy: a research note’‚ Accounting‚ Organizations and Society vol. 32‚ no. 7‚ pp. 639-47. Cormier‚ D‚ Magnan‚ M & Van Velthoven‚ B 2005‚ ‘Environmental disclosure quality in large German companies: economic incentives‚ public pressures or institutional conditions?’ European Accounting Review‚ vol. 14‚ no. 1‚ pp. 3-39. Cowan‚ S & Gadenne‚ D 2005‚ ‘Australian corporate environmental reporting: a comparative
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state) be P(L) = 0.5 We assume that the amount of utility or satisfaction Ajay derives from a payoff is equal to the square root of the amount of the payoff. So‚ we get Ui(a) = √x‚ x≥0 Where x is the amount of the payoff The decision theory tells us that the act with the highest expected utility should be chosen. We denote the expected utility of act a1 (AB Ltd.) by EU(a1) and the expected utility of act a2 (XY Ltd.) by EU(a2). Thus‚ we get EU(a1) = 0.5 x √1089 + 0.5 x √0 =
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Positive Accounting Theory • Sometimes abbreviated as PAT • Explains and predicts accounting practice • Does not seek to prescribe particular actions • Grounded in economic theory • Focuses on the relationships between various individuals involved in providing resources to an organisation (agency relationship) • Owners and managers • Managers and debt providers Positive Accounting Theory • Assumptions of PAT • All individual action is driven
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POSITIVE ACCOUNTING THEORY‚ POLITICAL COSTS AND SOCIAL DISCLOSURE ANALYSES: A CRITICAL LOOK* Markus J. Milne Accountancy and Business Law University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Ph: 64-3-479-8120 Fax: 64-3-479-8450 Email: mmilne@commerce.otago.ac.nz * The author would like to thank Alan MacGregor‚ Carolyn Stringer‚ Gregory Liyanararchchi‚ Ros Whiting and an anonymous conference reviewer for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Thanks are also due to seminar participants
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IN THE SESSIONS COURT OF KUALA LUMPUR CASE NO. 62A-160-2007‚ 62A-159-2007‚ 62A-208-2007 & 62A-209-2007 PUBLIC PROSECUTOR V 1. TAN SIOK WAN 2. LEE SIN TECK 3. LIM KIM MING 4. LIM KIM HAI WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS OF THE PROSECUTION AT THE END OF PROSECUTION CASE May it please Your Honour‚ The Prosecution submits that it has respectively proven its case beyond reasonable doubt on the following charges and therefore prays that the defence be called on all the charges
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