shows the price of aluminium over the past six years. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the price of aluminium has fluctuated a great deal during this period. For example: between July 2008 and February 2009 the price fell by 57%; in August 2009 alone the price rose by 16%. In an essay of 1500 words or fewer‚ use economic analysis to explain changes in the price of aluminium over the period shown in Figure 1 and why the price fluctuations have been so great. Figure 1: The monthly LME spot price for aluminium
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Product standardization Definition : Product standardization in business is the process of developing same product for multiple countries. Advantages: The main advantage of product standardization is cost saving. Cost reduction will give economies of scale. Since you are making large quantities or the same‚ non-adapted product - you benefit from the advantages associated with manufacturing in bulk. For example‚ components can be bought in large quantity which reduces the cost-per-unit. These
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rights reserved 0160-7383/94 $6.00 + .00 0160-7383(93)E0032-9 THE TOURISM PRODUCT Stephen L. J. Smith University of Waterloo‚ Canada Abstract: An industry is characterized by a generic product and production process. For tourism to be considered an industry‚ it is necessary to show that such a genetic product and process exist. This paper argues that they do exist‚ and presents a model that describes the product as consisting of five elements: the physical plant‚ service‚ hospitality‚ freedom
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CHAPTER 13 Investment Centers and Transfer Pricing ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 13-1 Goal congruence means a meshing of objectives‚ in which the managers throughout an organization strive to achieve goals that are consistent with the goals set by top management. Goal congruence is important for organizational success because managers often are unaware of the effects of their decisions on the organization’s other subunits. Also‚ it is natural for people to be more concerned with the performance
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What is a Product? In marketing‚ the term “product” is often used as a catch-all word to identify solutions a marketer provides to its target market. We will follow this approach and permit the term “product” to cover offerings that fall into one of the following categories: * Goods – Something is considered a good if it is a tangible item. That is‚ it is something that is felt‚ tasted‚ heard‚ smelled or seen. For example‚ bicycles‚ cellphones‚ and donuts are all examples of tangible goods
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Product Positioning "Product positioning" is a marketing technique intended to present products in the best possible light to different target audiences. The method is related to "market segmentation" in that an early step in major marketing campaigns is to discover the core market most likely to buy a product—or the bulk of the product. Once segmentation has defined this group ("active seniors‚" "affluent professional working women‚" "teens") the positioning of the product consists of creating
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adopted a strategy of price-reduction worldwide. The strategy was designed to enable the company to guarantee its clients an ever more suitable and competitive supply of products. Simultaneously‚ Benetton decreased production costs. This combination of price and cost reductions resulted in an 8 percent increase in both items produced and sold in 1994. Benetton also has an extensive system of outlet stores in which to sell clothing at significant discounts‚ as a result of the price cuts. In the late
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Product Positioning A product positioning statement has four main components – the target‚ the frame of reference‚ the differentiation‚ and the reason(s) to believe. THE TARGET The target is who the product is for – who is the target user or customer of the product. The key to a good target definition is to balance being specific with being concise‚ you need to describe the target well enough that they can be identified‚ without being so verbose that your positioning statement goes beyond
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the purpose of improving decision making related to the identification and solution of problems and opportunities in marketing.” - Malhotra (2003) Importance of Marketing Research Introducing new products into international markets Uncovering international opportunities for existing products Ensuring marketing decisions are made on the solid foundation of knowledge BLUNDERS IN MARKETING (1) A Japanese hotel notice board: “You are invited to take advantage of the chambermaid”; Acapulco
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New Series of Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers on base 2001=100 1. OBJECTIVE Labour Bureau‚ since its inception‚ has‚ inter-alia‚ been entrusted with the responsibility of compilation and maintenance of the Consumer Price Index Numbers for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW). The CPI-IW purports to measure the temporal change in the retail prices of fixed basket of goods and services being consumed by the target group i.e. an average working class family and thus‚ is an important
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