NIGERIA MARCH 4-14 2008 THE BOND MARKET IN GHANA-CHALLENGES FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT A. Introduction A bond has been defined as a debt (loan) instrument which requires the issuer to repay the investor the amount borrowed with interest over a predetermined period of time. Bonds can be callable‚ redeemable‚ convertible‚ extendable or retractable. They may have warrants attached to them as a sweetner. They may also be income generating or have zero coupons. Bond investors are exposed to some
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Pablo Guere Chpt 14 acct241 Q 1‚3‚4‚13‚19‚21‚22 E 14-1‚ 14-4‚ 14-5‚ 14-10 P 4-6 (may1 to jan1 only) 1. (a) From what sources might a corporation obtain funds through long-term debt? (b) What is a bond indenture? What does it contain? (c) What is a mortgage? A) Bonds payable‚ long-term notes payable‚ mortgages payable‚ pension liabilities‚ and lease liabilities are examples of long- term liabilities. B) It is an agreement that often includes the amounts authorized to be issued‚ interest
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exchanged for one convertible bond | Par value of bond/ conversion price | Conversion pricePrice per share that determine the number of share you will received | Par value of bond/conversion ratio | Conversion value – an indication of what a convertible issue would trade for if it were priced to sell on the basis of its stock value. | Conversion ratio x market price of stock | Conversion premium ( in $)It is difference between the market price of the convertible bond and the higher of its security
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theorist‚ Travis Hirschi (1969)‚ introduced social bond theory during the late 1900’s as a means to explain one’s resistance to crime (Lilly‚ Cullen & Bell‚ 2015). Hirschi (1969) claimed that the potential benefits of committing crime equally motivated most individuals‚ therefore‚ the primary concern was how individuals resist such temptations (Lilly et al.‚ 2015) The answer‚ involves the social control exerted upon an individual through social bonds that keep them from committing crime (Lilly et al
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Topic 4 - Bonding 4.1 Ionic bonds 4.1.1 Ionic bond: +ve (cations) and -ve (anions) ions are attracted to each other and form a continuous ionic lattice 4.1.2 Group 1 metals form +1 ions‚ group 2 metals form +2 ions‚ metals in group 3 form +3 ions . Examples : Li+‚ Mg2+‚ Al3+. Greater ease of ionisation Li->Cs is due to the increased electron shielding of the nuclear attraction caused by additional inner shells of electrons. The easier atoms are to ionise‚ the more reactive they
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Mid Term – October 2014 Bond Pricing Qu 1: Time to Maturity Zero Coupon Rate Discount Factor 1 5% 2 6% 3 7% 4 8% 5 9% Give the formula for the discount factor in terms of the zero coupon rate. Use the formula to fill in the discount factors in the table above (you can write the formula or using excel calculate the numerical value). Assume that the government wishes to issue a new 5 year bond priced at 100 (called a par coupon bond as it is priced at par i.e. the price is the same as the face
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Hall of Roids? Barry Bonds is regarded as one of the greatest baseball players in the history of the game. However‚ after a court trial against his trainer‚ it was proven that Barry Bonds had used steroids during training throughout his baseball career. Now his record of 73 home runs in a season has a big asterisk next to it (Bunning). Yet‚ Barry Bonds and many other athletes are still inducted into their sports’ Hall of Fame even though they used steroids. Athletes who used steroids should
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expected rates on zero-coupon bonds with one-quarter maturity that are to be sold on the first day of the quarter that starts one‚ two‚ three and four quarters from Oct 1‚ 2009 respectively‚ i.e. the first day of the first‚ second‚ third and fourth quarter of 2010. These expected rates are also called the forward rates. (4) Based on your calculations‚ please comment on the market expectation on Oct 1‚ 2009 for interest rates on one-quarter maturity zero-coupon bonds that are to be sold on the first
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FUNDAMENTALS The interest rate or required return represents the cost of money. It is the compensation that a supplier of funds expects and a demander of funds must pay. Usually the term interest rate is applied to debt instruments such as bank loans or bonds‚ and the term required return is applied to equity investments‚ such as common stock‚ that give the investor an ownership stake in the issuer. In fact‚ the meaning of these two terms is quite similar because‚ in both cases‚ the supplier is compensated
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factors to desistance such as Social Control Theory‚ also known as Social Bond theory. According to the Social Bond Theory‚ the bond between individual and the people around them are important in the support of preventing and controlling the individual from reoffending (Hirschi‚ 1969). There are 4 factors in the social bond theory which are; attachment‚ commitment‚ belief and involvement (Vold et al.‚ 2002). Attachment is the bond between the individual and the people around such as family and friends
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