in media‚ and letting them cross breed‚ we analyzed and recorded the phenotypes that were observed. The P1 flies were anesthetized then sexed by observing their phenotypes and equally distributed into the media we made for their copulation. When a sufficient amount of progeny was present in the culture bottle the P1 generation was killed. After the progeny developed in the F1generation of the sex-linked cross the phenotypes were observed and recorded. After the F1 generation of the monohybrid
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predicted phenotype of lactase persistence or lactase non-persistence of all biology 225 lab students and compare their predicted phenotype to
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fruit fly. In our case if the cross was done correctly all the females should carry the uknown mutation and none of the male progeny should show the unknown phenotype. Following DC2‚ another cross‚ called Mapping cross one (MC1)‚ is then executed using a virgin unknown female with males carrying the dominant marker genes for the phenotypes yellow (y)‚ crossveinless (cv)‚ vermillion (v)‚ and forked (f). The final cross that was performed was the Mapping cross two (MC2). The MC2 was carried out
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Both of these show the distribution of phenotypes. In directional selection‚ the distribution of phenotypes forms a "bell curve." Selection against one of the extreme phenotypes causes the distribution to move in one direction or the other. An example might be plants whose flower color is determined by incomplete dominance: white‚ pink‚ or red. Pink flowers may be the average phenotype‚ but if we start to remove red flowers from the population‚ the "mean" phenotype will be shifted toward white flowers
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barbouri‚ suggesting that they diverged less recently (Kraus and Petranka‚ 1989). If A. barbouri diverged from A. texanum‚ the changes in phenotype could be due to either selection for small gills and large tail or selection for increased plasticity. If the different phenotypes correlate with genetic differences that directly determine tail and gill size‚ the phenotypes are genetically determined and the divergence is a
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Homework #24 (130222): Chapter 14 (due Friday 130222) Total points: 20 for Attempt on all questions ONE Concept Map: 10 points Objectives Gregor Mendel’s Discoveries 1. Explain how Mendel’s particulate mechanism differed from the blending theory of inheritance. • Blending: parents genes mixed • Particulate: parents genes still retain identity\ The blending theory was that genetic material contributed by the two parents mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow make green
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Explain the structure and inheritance of genes (15 marks) A cell’s nucleus contains chromosomes‚ which are long‚ coiled packaged and organized chromatin (molecules of DNA). Chromatin is a complex of molecules found in cells‚ consisting of DNA‚ protein and RNA. Proteins are polypeptides (a large sequence of amino acids). The chief protein component of chromatin are histones‚ which package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes in order to fit in the cell‚ as well as reinforce the
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Punnet square: dihibyrid cross- 2 parents w/2 different traits Ex: seed shape & seed color Cross pure-lines 2. F1 offspring are all heterozygous‚ Cross F1 x F1 F2 generation shows individuals of both phenotypes‚ in a specific ratio 9:3:3:1 -this would only occur if independent assortment = 2 alleles separate & sort independently into gametes Mendel Rules of inheritance Different alleles for the same gene Principle of segregation-each gamete has 1 allele of each gene Principle
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the G/C pair stronger. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? The genotype is the organisms’ hereditary information while the phenotype is how the organism displays its properties. Another way of saying this is that the gene contributes to a particular trait while the phenotype is the expression of that gene. The genotype plays a large role in determining the development of the phenotype but other factors also play into its development such as plasticity‚ canalization
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selection. A single phenotype at one extreme of the phenotype is favoured. The populations trait distributed shifts toward an extreme Disruptive selection favours induviduals at both extremes of a phenotype range. Can cause such differences among a species that the variation leads to new species Stabilizing selection Favours genotypic combination that produce intermediate phenotype. Reduces phenotype variation removes more severe phenotype a B Genetic drift is
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