Outline & evaluate the cognitive interview. (12 marks) The cognitive interview was devised by psychologists in order to eliminate the effects of misleading questions and misleading information. The process consists of first reporting everything the witness can remember‚ even information they believe to be unimportant. Then the witness is asked to mentally instate their experience‚ where they mentally use their sense to recall information. After this the witness is asked to change the order in
Premium Psychology Police Effect
Outline and evaluate biological explanations of obesity Various explanations can be provided for the reasons of obesity‚ from biological explanations‚ to neurological and evolutionary theories. Even socio-economic reasons could give insight into why some people have a higher likeliness of obesity Evolutionarily‚ the thrifty gene hypothesis provides insight as to why many suffer from obesity‚ as it suggests that our current genes are no longer suited to our new environment. Modern day society is
Free Obesity
Outline and evaluate two or more definitions of abnormality? (12 Marks) Deviation from social norms is a definition of abnormality. The word ‘deviation’ in this definition is referring to deviant behaviour (behaviour which is considered anti-social or undesirable by the majority of society members). In society there are social norms (standards of acceptable behaviour that are set by the social group). These standards are often in place for good reason. An example of a social norm is politeness as
Premium Sociology Psychology Mental disorder
The biological approach to psychology which looks at physical aspects controlling behaviour such as the structures of the brain‚ gives evidence that both nature and nurture are involved in our behaviour. For instance a study which compared the incidence of schizophrenia in MZ and DZ twins (Gottesman and Shields (1966)) found a concordance rate of 40% for the MZs but only 9% for the DZs. As arguably the only material differences between these groups was the fact that MZs share 100% genetic material
Premium Genetics Psychology Schizophrenia
Outline and evaluate the cognitive approach to psychopathology The cognitive approach to psychopathology focuses on the theory that abnormality is caused by faulty cognitions about ourselves‚ others and our worlds. Our behaviour is controlled by these cognitions‚ consequently if these are faulty‚ it can cause abnormal behaviour. In 1962 Ellis proposed the A-B-C model. This suggests that a certain behaviour will first start with an activating event (such as seeing a large dog). This will then
Premium Cognition Psychology
Outline and evaluate the biological explanation of depression. Biological explanation of depression can be explained by neurotransmitter dysfunction. Neurotransmitters such as noradrenalin and serotonin have been shown to be linked with depression. Bunney at al (1965) found that there was low levels of noradrenaline function in the brain of depressed individuals. Also‚ post mortem studies found increased noradrenaline receptors in the brains of depressed suicide victims. When there is low noradrenaline
Premium Neurotransmitter Serotonin Antidepressant
Outline and Evaluate Biological Treatments for Schizophrenia. The meaning of Schizophrenia is the loss of contact with reality also known as split-mind. It shouldn’t be thought of as one disorder as there are several sub-types such as; paranoia‚ catatonic‚ disorganised‚ and undifferentiated; they all have different symptoms. It is a disorder which is estimated at 1% of the population and is more common in males‚ lower social classes and African-Caribbean’s living in the U.K. Schizophrenia is characterised
Premium Antipsychotic Schizophrenia Dopamine
Outline and evaluate biological explanations for aggression (24) The biological explanation for aggression states that aggression is innate behavior in people and the environment around them does not cause it. Neurotransmitters in the brain‚ chemicals that allow impulses to be transmitted from one area to another‚ can be used to explain why some people are aggressive. There is evidence to suggest that the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine are linked to aggression‚ low levels of serotonin
Premium Violence Anger Cortisol
Behaviourists approach assumptions - The main assumption of the behaviourist approach to understanding abnormality is that all behaviour‚ normal or abnormal‚ is learned from the environment. This means that if a behaviour is associated with a positive outcome it is likely to be repeated‚ but if is associated with a negative one it is unlikely to be repeated. The three types of learning are classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and social learning. Classical conditioning is learning by association
Premium Psychology Behaviorism Operant conditioning
Outline and evaluate two models of abnormality (12 marks) The essence of a psychodynamic approach is to explain behaviour in terms of its dynamics – i.e. the forces that drive it. The best known example of this approach is Freud. Freud believed that the origins of mental disorder lie in the unresolved conflicts or childhoods which are unconscious. Medical illnesses are not the outcome of physical disorders but of these psychological conflicts. Conflicts between the id‚ ego‚ and superego create
Premium Psychology Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis