Link Layer Our goals: ❒ understand principles behind data link layer services: ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❒ error detection‚ correction sharing a broadcast channel: multiple access link layer addressing reliable data transfer‚ flow control: done! instantiation and implementation of various link layer technologies 5: DataLink Layer 5-1 Link Layer ❒ ❒ ❒ ❒ ❒ 5.1 Introduction and services 5.2 Error detection and correction 5.3Multiple access protocols 5.4 Link-Layer Addressing
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Crust is the first and upper most layer of the Earth. There is Continental Crust which sits on top of Oceanic Crust. This layer is made frequently from granite rocks and is solid. Continental Crust is approximately 32km. Below the Continental Crust is Oceanic Crust. It is about 8km. This part of the Crust is made from basalt rocks. The Crust is most of lithosphere and is the coolest layer by far. Mantle is like silly putty consistency. It is the largest layer of Earth sitting under the Crust.
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is the purpose of an OSI model? The purpose of an OSI model is a standard that was created for networks to share information. This standard governs the way information is transmitted over different networks. The model also sets guidelines to those in the manufacturing industry that create and develop software and hardware that are all compatible with each other. This paper will discuss and describe the 7 layers of the Open System Interconnection model (OSI model) and the layers of the Transport Control
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P4: Examine the ethical concerns of the communities in which a selected business operates. The most crucial or fundamental moral issues that organizations must face are honesty and trust. A fundamental comprehension of trustworthiness incorporates directing your business undertakings with genuineness and a guarantee to treating each client decently. At the point when clients see that an organization is showing a steady sense of duty regarding moral business hones‚ an abnormal state of trust can
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Data Link Layer INTRODUCTION: Now a day’s communication is vital for the entire world‚ nothing happens without communication. The cell radio communication and wireless computer networks of GSM (Global System Mobile)‚ CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) type are worldwide communication systems. All these communication systems are based on the reference model OSI-RM (Open System Interconnection-Reference Model) Description of OSI-RM System: OSI-RM is an International Standard ISO that defines
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protocol. Suppose eBGP and iBGP are used for the inter-AS routing protocol. Initially‚ suppose there is no physical link between AS2 and AS4. * Router 3c learns about subnet with prefix x from which routing protocol: OSPF‚ RIP‚ eBGP‚ or iBGP? eBGP * Router 1d learns about subnet with prefix x from which routing protocol? iBGP * Once router 1d learns about x it will put an entry (x‚I) in its forwarding table. Will I be l1 or l2 for this entry? Explain your answer briefly. I1‚ the interface
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called the stratosphere‚ a layer of gas filters out most of the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays. This layer of gas is called ozone and is located about five miles to 25 miles above the surface of the Earth. (Bright‚ 1991). Only about one-millionth of our atmosphere is made up of ozone. But it has a tremendously important job. Ozonecan absorb‚ or soak up‚ the part of sunlight called ultraviolet radiation. Some ultraviolet radiation still gets through‚ but not enough to do serious damage to Earth
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BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY INTRODUCTION The concept of boundary layer was 1st introduced by L.Prandtl in 1904. Figure 7-1. Viscous flow around airfoil A structure having a shape that provides lift‚ propulsion‚ stability‚ or directional control in a flying object. Boundary layer is formed whenever there is a relative motion between the boundary and the fluid. Boundary layer thickness: 1. Standard thickness - signified by ‚” it is define as the distance from the boundary layer
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There are many different layers within the Earth. The core is at center of the Earth. The Earth’s core takes up sixteen percent of Earth’s volume‚ containing thirty-three percent of its Mass ..Pressure rises steadily inside the earth because of the weight of overlying rock. Therefore ‚the Pressure at the outer boundary of the core reaches 1.37 million atmospheres‚ 3.7 million Atmospheres. The core is made mostly of iron and nickel and possibly smaller amounts of lighter elements including sulfur
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rocky crust is composed of silicon‚ aluminum‚ calcium‚ sodium and potassium. The crust is divided into continental plates which drift slowly (only a few centimeters each year) atop the less rigid mantle. The crust is thinner under the oceans; this is where new crust is formed. Continental crust is about 25-90 km thick. 2. Mantle: Under the crust is the rocky mantle‚ which is composed of silicon‚ oxygen‚ magnesium‚ iron‚ aluminum‚ and calcium. The upper mantle is rigid and is part of the lithosphere
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