The offer and acceptance model is flawed- only an agreement is necessary. In order to fully comprehend this statement‚ we must first establish what constitutes and offer and what constitutes acceptance. “An offer is a statement by one party of willingness to enter into a contract on stated terms‚ provided that these terms are‚ in turn‚ accepted by the party to whom the offer is addressed”. Acceptance is “…an unqualified expression of ascent to the terms proposed by the offeror”. The “Offer and acceptance
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proposal or offer. . i) Offer and invitation to treat distinguish. . ii) Intention to create legal relationship. . iii) Cross offer. . iv) Specific and general offer.
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Offer Proposal is defined under section 2(a) of the Indian contract Act‚ 1872 as "when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything with a view to obtain the assent of that other to such act or abstinence‚ he is said to make a proposal/offer". Thus‚ for a valid offer‚ the party making it must express his willingness to do or not to do something. But mere expression of willingness does not constitute an offer. The rules regarding the offer are The offer
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QUESTIONS - Offer 1. What is an offer? 2. What is an invitation to treat? 3. List the factors that the court will take into account in distinguishing between an offer and an invitation to treat? 4. Name a case which is authority for the rule that a request for tenders is an invitation to treat. 5. What is the effect of the distinction between offer and invitation to treat? 6. Is possible to make an offer to the whole world? Self-test Questions – uNILATERAL OFFERS
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CONTRACT (Offer) Readings: Lee Mei Ping‚ General Principles of Malaysian Law‚ 5th Edition‚ 2005‚ Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd Abdul Majid‚ Krishnan Arjunan‚ Business Law in Malaysia‚ 2005‚ Lexis Nexis Malayan Law Journal Beatrix Vohrah‚ Wu Min Aun‚ The Commercial Law of Malaysia‚ 2nd ed.‚ Longman‚ 2000 Malaysian Contracts Act 1950 (http://www.agc.gov.my/) law of Malaysia/numerical table of laws/Act 1136 Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Contracts and Agreements 3. Offer/Proposal
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Offers may be withdrawn at any time up until acceptance. Discuss the extent to which you agree with this statement and analyze the rules which determine the validity of withdrawal. There are two main issues to be dealt with in order to answer this question. Identify what is certified to be a valid offer and a valid acceptance. The second issue is knowing and analyzing the rules which determine the validity of withdrawal. First and foremost‚ to have a valid contract‚ there must be valid
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Do the courts always rigorously apply the established rules of offer and acceptance governing the formation of contracts? Put bluntly‚ no‚ the courts do not always rigorously apply the established rules of offer and acceptance governing the formation of contracts. Judgments by Lord Denning in Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corporation Ltd (1979) and Gibson v Manchester City Council (1979) have challenged this ‘mirror image’ approach. Nonetheless‚ these are very much exceptions to the general
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Offer and acceptance is one the main 7 essentials to create a legally binding contract since a contract is based on agreement. It is also an essential for a court to arbitrate problems. An offer is a manifestation (orally‚ in writing‚ or by conduct) of willingness to enter into bargain‚ which justifies another person’s understanding of assent to that bargain is invited and will conclude the transaction. An Offeror is the party who makes the offer. An offeree is the party who receives the offer and
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Four main justifications of Postal Acceptance Rule i. ‘Ad infinitum’ Justification Postal rule had existed almost for 200 years and the post had been creating problems for people which the courts are obliged to solve them logically. Why it had been creating so many problems for people and that we will be discussing later on. For now let’s look at the four main justifications for postal rule of acceptance. It came from Treitel and he believes that the four main justifications are for the creation
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The Effectiveness of Acceptances Communicated by Electronic Means‚ or — Does the Postal Acceptance Rule Apply to Email? Eliza Mik* The ‘traditional’ classification into ‘instantaneous’ and ‘non-instantaneous’ methods of communication must be abandoned. As all Internet transmissions are instantaneous‚ the choice between the principle of receipt and the postal exception must be based on other criteria. The focus must be shifted from communication devices to the characteristics of the communication
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