BIO UNIT 1 STUDY NOTES History of Classification Aristotle (384-322 BC) -greek philosopher -classified living things in 2 kingdoms (ANIMALS AND PLANTS) -Plants = herbs‚ shrubs & trees -Animals= those of sea‚ air and land -lasted 2000 years Theophrastus (372-287 BC) - “Father of Botany” - 2 botanical works Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603) - Italian physician - created 1st new system of classifying plants - classified plants on the basis of the structure of their fruits and seeds John Ray
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Ecology Unit Study Guide AP Biology Study Guide: Read through these concepts. If you are not sure of what the concept is or means search for the answer in your textbook and write it on a separate sheet of paper. If you know these terms you should do well on the test. Chapter 52 – Ecology and the Biosphere 1. Distinguish among the following types of ecology: organismal‚ population‚ community‚ ecosystem‚ and landscape. 2. Explain how dispersal may contribute to a species’ distribution.
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In ecology‚ the competitive exclusion principle‚ sometimes referred to as Gause’s law of competitive exclusion or just Gause’s law‚ is a proposition which states that two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if other ecological factors are the same. When one species has even the slightest advantage or edge over another‚ then the one with the advantage will dominate in the long term. One of the two competitors will always overcome the other‚ leading to either the extinction
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organisms population‚ which depends on this source for food‚ to deplete. So if this keystone specie is lost‚ the whole ecosystem is affected. Not only is predation observed‚ but symbiotic relationships are also seen: mutualism‚ commensalism and parasitism. An example of mutualism would be the
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necessary for life * Predation: an organism (predator) captures and feeds on another organism (prey) * Symbiosis: any relationship in which 2 species live closely together. There are 3 main kinds of symbiosis: 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism Mutualism: a situation when both organisms benefit from a relationship Examples: a bee and a flower; a sea anemone and a clown fish Commensalism: a situation when one species benefits and one is not affected Example:
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African Savannas The African Savanna is one of the largest tropical grasslands in the world. Tropical grasslands are known to have 90-150 cm of rainfall every year‚ a large area filled with grass‚ and being warm year round with a dry and rainy period. The climate in an African Savanna can range from 68o to 86oF. There are two seasons that are dry and wet on the environment‚ the winter lasts from October to March. The dry climate is caused by the lack of precipitation which can result in droughts
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The Ecosystem - Deserts An Ecosystem is a biodiversity community where biotic and abiotic elements inhabit the same environment. There are many types of ecosystems located throughout the world and one of which is known as the Gobi desert. The Gobi is a large desert region that scales from 500‚000 square miles and spans across two countries (China and southern Mongolia) covering parts of northern and northwestern China. Like all deserts‚ the Gobi desert is a cold biome desert that consists
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species live together as a result of ecological relationships. In the clip‚ the birds and the bees helps pollinate the flours. The plants rely on the animals to reproduce‚ while the animals rely on the plant for food. Bird-Water Buffalo Mutualism: Mutualism is a relationship between two or more organisms that is beneficial to both of them. It benefits the egrets because they eat from the body of the tick‚ and the tick also gets cleaned. Some birds can also exhibit such relationship with sheep’s
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into different groups using hierarchical rankings ; Genus and species. 5. What is a species? Define the biological species concept. A species is a living organism which follows the biological species concept of parasitism‚ commensalism‚ and mutualism. The biological species concept: Parasitism: one benefits from the other; taking over a host‚ (+/- reaction) (Ex: plasmodium apicomplexa taking over a human host causing malaria‚ tapeworm) Commensalism: one benefits and one doesn’t care‚ (+/0
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The Selfish Gene Author: Richard Dawkins Book Criticism •“Genes cannot be selfish or unselfish‚ any more than atoms can be jealous‚ elephants abstract or biscuits teleological. This should not need mentioning‚ but Richard Dawkins’s book The Selfish Gene has succeeded in confusing a number of people about it” (Midgley). •There are many things to disagree with in the book‚ depending on one’s viewpoint. Some people may interpret the term “selfish gene” in a literal way‚ believing that
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