Consumption vs. Expenditure Mark Aguiar Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Erik Hurst University of Chicago NBER * We would like to thank Daron Acemoglu‚ Fernando Alvarez‚ Susanto Basu‚ Marianne Bertrand‚ Mark Bils‚ Ricardo Caballero‚ Steve Davis‚ Lars Hansen‚ Jonathon Heathcote‚ Michael Hurd‚ Anil Kayshap‚ Helen Levy‚ Anna Lusardi‚ Chris Mayer‚ Amil Petrin‚ Karl Scholz‚ Rob Shimer‚ Jon Skinner‚ Mel Stephens‚ Alwyn Young‚ Steve Zeldes‚ and two anonymous referees‚ along with seminar
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including Oldsmobile‚ Cadillac‚ and Oakland‚ today known as Pontiac" (General Motors‚ 2012). In this paper GM ’s income statement will be reviewed to figure out the following calculations: the number of cars sold each quarter‚ the elasticities‚ marginal cost‚ variable cost‚ and fixed costs. After figuring out these calculations‚ there will be a clear answer to what the future options are for General Motors if they decide to expand. Using the revenue figures from the income statement and the prices
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Cramer’s Rule Cramer’s rule is a method of solving a system of linear equations through the use of determinants. Matrices and Determinants To use Cramer’s Rule‚ some elementary knowledge of matrix algebra is required. An array of numbers‚ such as 6 5 a11 a12 A = 3 4 a21 a22 is called a matrix. This is a “2 by 2” matrix. However‚ a matrix can be of any size‚ defined by m rows and n columns (thus
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Principles of Agricultural Economics Lecture no.1 Economics – Meaning‚ Definitions‚ Subject matter of Economics – Traditional approach – consumption‚ production‚ exchange and distribution ECONOMICS Economics is popularly known as the “Queen of Social Sciences”. It studies economic activities of a man living in a society. Economic activities are those activities‚ which are concerned with the efficient use of scarce means that can satisfy the wants of man. After the basic needs viz.‚ food‚ shelter
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Proponents of Sanders’ work argue that tilting the balance of economic rewards in favor of the poor is likely to benefit the overall economy rather than hurt it. The rich tend to have much lower marginal propensities to consume than the poor. Thus‚ for every extra dollar of income the rich earn they spend less of it than the poor. In an economy that seems to be struggling with a lack of aggregate demand‚ redistributing incomes from the wealthy to the poor is
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analysis of utility maximization and decision making under uncertainty. The concepts in this chapter are an important foundation for subsequent material in the book. CHAPTER OUTLINE ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR: AN OVERVIEW Economic Choice Marginal Analysis Managerial Application: Marginal Analysis of Customer Profitability Opportunity Costs Managerial Application: Opportunity Costs and V-8 Creativity of Individuals Managerial Application: Creative Gaming of the System GRAPHIC TOOLS Individual Objectives Indifference
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Microeconomics Spring 2010 I. FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMICS A. Scarcity‚ Production Possibilities‚ Efficiency and Exchange Section I.A Learning Objectives: • Define or explain a number of basic economic terms and concepts. • Explain‚ illustrate‚ and apply marginal analysis. • Explain‚ illustrate‚ and apply the production possibilities model. • Explain‚ illustrate‚ and apply the law of comparative advantage. 1. “Life is Economics” Q: Is this statement true or false? Why? 2. Economic Goals and Priorities of
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Microeconomics Introduction : What microeconomics is all about ? Macroeconomics focus on the economy as a whole. In macro‚ you outline relationships between variables ( growth‚ employment rate‚ investment…). Micro : focus on economic agents‚ players‚ and companies. Focus on how consumers and companies are behaving. In micro you look at the economy as being structured‚ divided in several individual markets. It is an important difference in focus : from the overall standpoint to the
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT The emergence and development of entrepreneurship is not a spontaneous one but a dependent phenomenon of economic‚ social‚ political‚ psychological factors often nomenclature as supporting conditions for entrepreneurship development. These conditions may have both positive and negative influences on the emergence of entrepreneurship. Positive influences constitute facilitative and conductive conditions for the emergence of
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Chapter 1 TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS 1. Scarcity. Scarcity means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. Scarcity ( Management of Society’s Resources. Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. a. How people make decisions‚ a. People Face Tradeoffs‚ b. The Cost of Something is What You Give Up to Get It‚ c. Rational People Think at the Margin‚ d
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