G. NARAYANAMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE (For Women) DEPARTMENT OF IT Principles of Programming Language –Operator precedence rules? –Operator associativity rules? –Order of operand evaluation? –Operand evaluation side effects? –Operator overloading? –Type mixing in expressions? Arithmetic Expressions: Operators A unary operator has one operand A binary operator has two operands A ternary operator has three operands Arithmetic Expressions: Operator Precedence Rules The operator precedence
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used to represent Java’s equal to operator. 6. Java’s for loop is an example of a(n) counter-controlled loop. 7. When a while loop or a for loop is coded inside another while loop or for loop‚ the inner loop is called a(n) nested loop.. 8. A(n) sentinel is a special value that denotes the end of a list and is used to terminate loop processing when reading input values from a user‚ or a data file. 9. A(n) off-by-one error occurs when a loop is executed one too many‚ or one too few times due to an
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a single word). Example: Main Module Call DisplayTest Module End Main Module DisplayTest Module Display “This is a test” End DisplayTest Module Input [VariableName] - VariableName must be a valid variable declared in Main or the local module. Example: Main Module Declare NumBurgers As Interger Display “Please enter the number of burgers: “ Input NumBurgers Display “The number of burgers you entered is “ & NumBurgers End Main Module Set [variableName] - Worthless
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Pseudocode: A LATEX Style File for Displaying Algorithms D.L. Kreher Department of Mathematical Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton‚ MI 49931 kreher@mtu.edu and D.R. Stinson Department of Combinatorics and Optimization University of Waterloo Waterloo ON‚ N2L 3G1 dstinson@uwaterloo.ca 1 Introduction This paper describes a LATEX environment named pseudocode that can be used for describing algorithms in pseudocode form. This is the style used in our textbook Combinatorial Algorithms:
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C-LANGUAGE NOTES Some words about Computer Programming languages Naturally a language is the source of communication between two persons‚ and also between person to machine like computer. The languages we can use to communicate with the computer are known as Computer programming languages. Generally there are two major types of languages are available are as follows: 1. Low level languages 2. The set of commands available in low level is complex and not easy to understandable. In this
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structures can stop or exit an infinite loop? Sources found on: http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/breaking-out-of-an-infinite-loop-in-your-c-languag.html & http://www.ehow.com/how_5697840_stop-infinite-loop.html Loops are programming devices that specify that a section of a program is to be performed one or more times. Typically they are divided into two categories‚ "for loops" and "while loops". A "for loop" is executed a set number of times. A "while loop" continues to execute until a predefined
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Local Government Tax Mobilization and Utilization in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects By Adenike .A. ADEDOKUN Senior Lecturer Dept. of Public Admin. & Local Govt. Studies The Polytechnic‚ Ibadan. NIGERIA. Contents • Introduction • Theoretical Framework • • • • Tax Mobilization Local Government Finance and Revenue Utilization Problems and Prospects Conclusion Historical Background • • • • • • • • • • Based on Indirect Rule *Local government Ordinance of 1916 *Centralised budget system
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statement in the body of a loop? By indenting the statements‚ you make them stand out from the surrounding code. This helps you to identify at a glance the statements that are conditionally executed by a loop. 2. Described the difference between pretest loop and posttest loops. A pretest loop tests its condition before each iteration. A posttest loop tests its condition after each iteration. A posttest loop will always execute at least once. 3. What is a condition-controlled loop? Because they are only
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Types of loops * while * Counter-controlled * Sentinel-controlled * State-controlled * for * foreach * do…while 1. WHILE STATEMENT * Simplest and most frequently used loop * Syntax : while (conditional expression) statement(s); * Expression – sometimes called loop condition * Returns a Boolean result of true or false * No semicolon after the conditional expression * Null body→ empty bodied loop→ infinite loop
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statements in the body of a loop? Because by indenting the statements in the body of the loop you visually set them apart from the surrounding code. This makes your program easier to read and debug 2) Describe the difference between pretest loops and posttest loops A pretest loop means to test its condition before performing an iteration A posttest loop means it performs an iteration before testing its condition 3) What is a condition-controlled loop? A condition-controlled loop uses a true/false condition
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