Methodology‚ in its simplest form‚ refers to how the research should be undertaken (Saunders et al. 2009). In a practical way‚ it is a function of research question(s)‚ study approach‚ scale of the study‚ type of data‚ sample size and participants‚ data analyses techniques and study limitations (Johnson and Waterfield‚ 2004). Accordingly‚ this chapter is divided into nine sections. Section 3.1 explains the reasons for the choice of case study approach; section 3.2 describes the sampling strategy
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Assignment 1 Test One 1. Compare experimental and co relational methods. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Show by an example how both methods could be used to investigate the same problem. Co relational method is a scientific procedure that is used to look for relationships between variables. On the other hand‚ experimental method is a scientific technique that involves a sequence of procedures which include observation
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PSY 225 Research Methods Spring 2013 Review Sheet Exam 1 CHAPTER 1 Why is the methods course believed to provide a “foundation” for other psychology courses? Hint: process vs. content. A methods course teaches a process (of doing research) that applies to other content courses. How do research psychologists use the terms determinism and objectivity? +Determinism= the idea that events‚ including psychological ones‚ have causes statistical determinism= events can be predicted‚ but only
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Overview of Research Methods * Quantitative Research: translates the social world into numbers which can be studied mathematically * Qualitative Research: Uses non-numerical data like texts‚ interviews‚ photos and recordings to help understand social life The Scientific Approach * The Scientific Method—a procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting data through observation and experiment. * Most sociologists believe that they should not allow their personal beliefs
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observations - overgeneralization (few similar events –> evidence of pattern?) - selective observation (focus on things that fit our idea‚ ignoring the rest) - illogical reasoning (Glückssträhne muss Pechsträhne folgen?) replication Repeating a study to test and confirm/question earlier ones Premodern view Ppl see things as they really are Modern view Diversity in beliefs‚ no one is absolute Postmodern view The only things we know are those we see (no “truth”) theory Systematic explanation
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1–3 Methods of Research Research‚ systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge‚ is a central ingredient of the scientific method in psychology. It provides the key to understanding the degree to which hypotheses (and the theories behind them) are accurate. Just as we can apply different theories and hypotheses to explain the same phenomena‚ we can use a number of alternative methods to conduct research. In this exercise‚ you will learn more about several methods of research that
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sampling methods. Give one example of each. Non-probability sampling Non-probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in the population has of being included in the sample. In this type of sampling‚ items for the sample are selected deliberately by the researcher; his choice concerning the items remains supreme. Non-Probability Sampling Methods: The common feature in non probability sampling methods is that subjective
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Major Characteristics of Survey Research * Most surveys possess three basic characteristics: (1) the collection of information (2) from a sample (3) by asking questions‚ in order to describe some aspects of the population of which the sample is a part. The Purpose of Survey Research * The major purpose of all surveys is to describe the characteristics of a population. * Rarely is the population as a whole studied‚ however. Instead‚ a sample is surveyed and a description of the population
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Research Methods There are two categories of research methods: qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative data collection usually involves numbers‚ graphs and charts‚ whereas‚ qualitative data collection methods deals with feelings and other non-quantifiable elements. The most popular qualitative methods of data collection and analysis in business studies are interviews‚ focus groups‚ observation‚ case studies‚ games and role playing etc. Popular quantitative methods of data collection and analysis
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varied. This research is focused on the challenges associated with the implementation of performance appraisal system at the Ghana National Scheme (GNSS)‚ to recommend solutions to the challenges where appropriate. The main objectives of the study are to evaluate the current performance appraisal system at the Ghana National Scheme (GNSS). The study has become necessary due to the challenges facing the GNSS with regards to the implementation of performance appraisal system. The study was conducted
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