Sulphonation – The Process Most electrophilic substitution reactions are irreversible but sulfonation is an exception. Treatment of benzene with "oleum" (a solution of SO3 in concentrated sulfuric acid) will give the sulfonic acid‚ the electrophilic species being sulfur trioxide which is Lewis acidic. Fig – 1 Sulphonation : Benzene equation The sulfonic acid can be converted back by treatment with hot aqueous acid. The reason for this reversibility is the fact that the Wheland intermediate is overall
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and talked in a public speech to all people. She wants to change the habits of adults and children. Severn says‚ that she found fish with cancer. Is this the way we want to eat fish? We really have to think of what we can make better in waste seperation. So if for instance plastic is thrown in the sea‚ the fish will eat the plastic‚ and we eat the fish. Horrible! Another problem is the buying of unnecessary things. We buy and throw away. Why don´t we think of what we really need? In my opinion
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Separation of the Components of a Mixture General Chemistry 1 (Chem 101)‚ ISP SCUHS Report 2 January 26‚ 2014 Abstract The analyses of mixture were to distinguish and identify homogeneous mixture by using the techniques of decantation and sublimation. By performing these techniques‚ we examined our solutions such as SiO2 (sand)‚ NH4Cl (ammonium chloride)‚ and NaCl (sodium chloride) and mixed H2O (water) with each solution after being heated. After examining our solutions‚ we made calculations
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Exercise 1 Binary Solid-Liquid Diagram CHEM 112.1 – 2L Group 2 I. Data and Results Table 1.1 Break and arrest temperature of diphenylamine-naphthalene mixture. Table 1.1. Mole fraction of naphthalene‚ χB‚ and corresponding arrest and break temperature at each run. Run number | Mole Fraction‚XB | Ave. break temperature‚ ˚C | Ave. arrest temperature‚ ˚C | 1 | 1 | 72 | 35.4375 | 2 | 0.868388 | 72 | 35.4375 | 3 | 0.725218 | 62 | 35.4375 | 4 | 0.568895 | 49 | 35.4375
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components of the Earth contain mixtures * * Identify the difference between elements‚ compounds and mixtures in terms of particle theoryElements are substances made of one kind of atomCompounds are substances made of more than one atom chemically bonded. Mixtures are impure substances that can contain more than one kind of atom that are not chemically bonded. | * Identify that the biosphere‚ lithosphere‚ hydrosphere and atmosphere contain examples of mixtures of elements and compoundsBiosphere: In
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eutectic point. Melting point of a solid is the temperature at which the solid and its liquid form are in equilibrium‚ i.e.‚ molecules move back and forth between the two states at the same rate‚ so both phases remain present. If the temperature of a solid is measured carefully as the solid is heated‚ the temperature will be observed to rise until the melting point (m.p.) of the solid is reached‚ and then the temperature will remain almost constant while the solid melts. The heat absorbed during melting
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Is a way pf separating mixtures of solids‚ or solids and liquids with different sized particles - The mixture is poured through a sieve and the particles smaller than the sieve pass through while the larger particles are trapped by the sieve - The are commonly used for cooking - E.g. a mixture of rice and water is poured through a sieve to capture rice and remove the water Filtration - Is a technique commonly used for mixtures of solids and liquid‚ particularly when solids particles are quite small
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1.1.2 Identify the difference between elements‚ compounds and mixtures in terms of particle theory Elements are simplest form substance meaning cannot be decomposed further physically or chemically. They are made up of same type of atoms only e.g. helium‚ oxygen. Compounds are pure and they consist of 2 or more elements bonded chemically (fixed ratio). They can be decomposed chemically. E.g. sodium chloride‚ carbon dioxide Mixtures are the blending (physically combined‚ hence can be separated)
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the land to renew itself will fail and natural disasters will occur Discuss the continuing effect of dispossession on aborigional spiritualities in relation to:-Seperation from the land-Seperation from kinship groups-The stolen generationsThe continuing effect of dispossession on aboriginal spititualities in relation to seperation from the land is one of immense stress to the spirituality. This began with the initial dispossession of european settlement and aborigional spiritualities remain‚ for
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How do different liquids and solids affect the boiling and freezing point of water? Name 02/12/12 ABSTRACT There are many different substances that affect the freezing and boiling points of water. This experiment was designed to test the effects of five liquid and five solid substances/mixtures on the freezing and boiling points of water. It was hypothesized that if we tested five liquid and five solid substances/mixtures then the results would show that the solids would have a greater affect
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