Academic Reading sample task – Identifying writer’s views/claims Discovered in the early 1800s and named ‘nicotianine’‚ the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine‚ however‚ is only a small component of cigarette smoke‚ which contains more than 4‚700 chemical compounds‚ including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times‚ scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical
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Drafting By: Madison Stewart Drafting is the drawing up of blueprints for architectural structures‚ and mechanical engineering tools and objects. There are two sides to drafting‚ the mechanical side and the architectural side. It’s a great career that is fun‚ and easy to do. Architectural drafting has to deal with drawing up the blueprints for homes‚ schools‚ churches‚ and any other architectural structure you can think of. It’s very easy to come up with these blueprints. You can either draw
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African-American Vernacular English originated in the slave plantations of the American South‚ and it shares a number of phonological and grammatical features with Southern dialects of American English ( Nordquist‚ Richard). Contributing to the evolution of American English
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focus: the unification of traditional temple form and the new domed space‚ the technical development of concrete constructions‚ and the tendency to obscure construction and structural elements. This paper discusses the Pantheon by analyzing the architecture from various aspects such as its three distinctive spaces and the experience they brings‚ the lighting of the interior‚ innovation such as coffering‚ the skillful use of concrete‚ and the Roman’s attempt to conceal the construction. Furthermore
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The 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG) 1-6 October‚ 2008 Goa‚ India Earthquake Risk Mitigation Strategies in India C. Ghosh National Institute of Disaster Management‚ New Delhi‚ India Keywords: Disaster Management‚ earthquake‚ mitigation‚ building codes‚ ABSTRACT: About 59% of India’s land area is under the threat of moderate to severe earthquake shaking intensity VII and higher. In the last 20 years‚ 8 major
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As some critics contended‚ postmodernism represents a break with the modernist notion that architecture should be technologically rational‚ austere and functional‚ discuss the ways in which one postmodern architect has developed strategies which overcome these tendencies. Juxtaposition is seen between the characteristics of early 20th century modern architecture and the artistic endeavours of postmodernism that followed. To represent the ‘Less is More’ (R.Venturi‚ 1966‚ pg16) notion the modernist
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SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE Epistemological Definition Worldwide cities are experiencing a rush of population growth‚ this growth to the ecological balance shown against the environment and the exploitation of natural resources have sued implement new methods of construction using new technologies. (Big & Green: Toward Sustainable Architecture in the 21ST Century). Sustainable or sustainable architecture seeks to optimize natural resources and building systems that minimize the environmental
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Departamentul de istoria & teoria arhitecturii şi conservarea patrimoniului LIMBAJ ARHITECTURAL 1 AN I / semestrul 2 – 2009-2010 TEMA 1 DE SEMINAR ANALIZA DE OBIECT ARHITECTURAL DUPĂ CRITERIUL ATRIBUTELOR VITRUVIENE Analizaţi (conform fişei de analiză de mai jos) 3 exemple de locuinţe individuale (legate de tema de atelier în desfăşurare)‚ din punctul de vedere al răspunsului la comandamentele vitruviene şi al expresiei arhitecturale pe care o generează‚ urmărind punctele propuse (unde este
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Dravidian architecture Dravidian architecture was an architectural idiom that emerged in the Southern part of the Indian subcontinent or South India. It consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are constructed of sandstone‚ soapstone or granite. Mentioned as one of three styles of temple building in the ancient book Vastu shastra‚ the majority of the existing structures are located in the Southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu‚ Karnataka‚ Kerala‚ and Andhra pradesh. Various kingdoms
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Philadelphia and Kerala The Philadelphia from United States and Kerala from South India‚ are the two famous states‚ and that come up with good nature‚ old cities and types of food from worldwide. The Nature is the one of the top best thing in those states. Greenish parks and gardens are seen a lot in these places‚ and Philadelphia has the famous garden‚ ‘Morris Arboretum’ and Kerala has famous forest‚ ‘Gavi.’ Those cities keep good health through the healthy nature; moreover‚ they protect the nature
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