SUBSTANTIVE LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS IN AUSTRALIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW MATTHEW GROVES∗ [Judicial review of administrative action has traditionally had a procedural focus. This means that courts examine the procedure by which a decision is made‚ rather than the decision itself. A denial of natural justice is no exception to review — a person dissatisfied with an administrative decision has long been able to complain about the fairness of the decision-making process but not the fairness of the decision
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comes to the wide spectrum that is ethical theories‚ Aristotle and Immanuel Kant are on the far edges of both sides. Where Aristotle believes that happiness is the centerpiece of morality‚ Kant is the direct opposite and believes that happiness is not the focal point of morality. If these two were both living at the same time‚ it would quite the debate to have seen unfold. By illustrating a dialogue between Aristotle and Kant‚ a better understanding of their theories in regards to happiness. Aristotle’s
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201 Reaction to Kant Kant Kant first draws close to differentiating between a moral choice and a prudent choice. A prudent choice is a choice used in good judgment and is rational. Kant has no interest in morality being rational. A law is a law and thou shall obey it. The moral law is absolute. Thou shall not lie‚ means exactly what it says‚ thou shall not lie. No ifs‚ ands or buts about it. There is no reason why a person should lie because it is our duty as moral human beings to tell the
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The loss of a human life is very important‚ not only is it an ethical issue but it is also an economic one. The incident that occurred on the busy street where a person was involved in a fatal accident was crucial and critical for the local government. Whether the government should invest their finances to correct the bend in the road will be analysed in this report. It is hard to put an economic value on life‚ but for economic purposes a price must be put on life so that the government can calculate
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The Value of Life The value of human life is still a mystery and we as a society is still trying to figure it out. During early times‚ life was not valued at all; people were being turned into slaves and treated like nothing. In today’s world many would base the value of life by our achievements‚ one’s past‚ or the salary one receives. This shouldn’t be the way we value one’s life. We as a society cannot assign a value on ones life. In today’s society‚ it can be said that we
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Moral values and the march of science All law in some sense teaches and forms us‚ while also regulating our behaviour. The same applies to our public policies‚ including the ones that govern our scientific research. There is no such thing as morally neutral legislation or morally neutral public policy. Every law is the public expression of what somebody thinks we "ought" to do. The question that matters is this: Which moral convictions of which somebodies are going to shape our country’s political
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evils of life. K: We have to bid adieu to our loved ones at some point of time or the other‚ only with the hope that we’ll meet them again. P: Whenever we part with someone who is very close to hearts‚ farewell is not easy. It really hurts. K: We meet various people in our lives. P: Most of them are like footprints in the sand‚ which eventually disappear with galloping waves of time--- K: ---but some of them are like marks on stone‚ which remain forever. B: yes‚ Mrs. Who-so-ever‚ you will
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The Types of Legitimate Domination By Max Weber In The Types of Legitimate Domination‚ Weber claims there are three ideal-types of basis for legitimate authority: rational/legal‚ traditional‚ and charismatic. Rational/legal is legal authority that comes from rules such as police officers‚ senators‚ etc. Traditional is authority that comes from traditions and the belief in the sanctity of “the way it has been done before” such as priests‚ queens‚ etc. The final type of power is charismatic which
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radical. He is highly known and respected today for his moral philosophy‚ primarily his principle of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism evaluates actions based upon their consequences. Bentham is most famously known for his pursuit of motivation and value. Bentham was a strong believer in individual and economic freedom‚ the separation of church and state‚ freedom of expression‚ equal rights for women‚ the right to divorce and the decriminalizing of homosexual acts. During his time he helped with the
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German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was the most influential thinker of the Enlightenment era and one of the greatest Western philosophers of all times. According to Kant‚ the Enlightenment can be defined as‚ “A person’s emergence from his self-sustained dependency.” ( What is Enlightenment? ). Kant believed that in order to break away from dependency‚ one must be able to think for himself. However‚ the only way to fully exercise freedom was to act morally. In the “Groundwork for the Metaphysics
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