Case Study 2 – Internal Control TO: LJB Company President FROM: Andrea Johnson DATE: February 8‚ 2013 SUBJECT: Internal Control It is with great pleasure that we can provide you information and advisement on internal controls that will assist LJB Company with going public. We understand that you have communicated your concerns and expect that this report will assist you with deriving conclusions. This report will: 1. Inform you of any new internal control requirements in reference to
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UNDERSTANDING INTERNAL CONTROLS A Reference Guide for Managing University Business Practices Understanding Internal Controls Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................1 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................................................................1
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The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (Pub.L. 107–204‚ 116 Stat. 745‚ enacted July 30‚ 2002)‚ also known as the ’Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act’ (in the Senate) and ’Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act’ (in the House) and more commonly calledSarbanes–Oxley‚ Sarbox or SOX‚ is a United States federal law that set new or enhanced standards for all U.S. public company boards‚ management and public accounting firms. It is named after sponsors U.S. Senator Paul
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Chapter 7 – Internal control Internal control – steps taken by business to prevent fraud – misappropriation of assets and fraudulent financial reporting‚ COSO defines IC as means to an end Achievements of objectives in the area of financial reporting‚ operations‚ compliance with law and regulations Foreign corrupt practices act: Transactions authorized with the knowledge of and authorization of management Means of achieving internal control – preventive control – prevents fraud ex: segregation
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various factors of the external and internal influence directly or indirectly to the organization The Internal Environment The internal environment of an organization refers to events‚ factors‚ people‚ systems‚ structures and conditions inside the organization that are generally under the control of the company. The company’s mission statement‚ organizational culture and style of leadership are factors typically associated with the internal environment of an organization. As such‚ it is the internal
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THE IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS ON GROWTH OF SMES A CASE STUDY OF KONYOKONYO MARKET -JUBA BY TABU FLORENCE S09B24/801 A RESEARCH PROPASAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND ADMINISTRATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PROJECT PLANNING AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY MARCH 2012 LIST OF ACRONYMS MFIs Microfinance institutions
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Introduction Management control system (MCS)‚ as a vital part of an organization‚ which purpose allows organizations to ensure that their activities achieve the objects they desire. The process of designing and improving MCSs requires addressing three basic questions. What is desired? What is likely to occur? And What is the effect of contextual factors ?Then managers must address each of these questions. What controls should be used? In recent years‚ contingency-based research has maintained
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Designing Internal Control System To Minimize Fraud And This paper gives an introduction to Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) informal financial service delivery mechanism which are not under any regulatory framework like the formal sector. So‚ there is a necessity to internalize a built-in internal control system through self-regulation to mitigate exposure to risk in MFI. In 2.0 sound and reliable management system for MFIs through self-regulation are discussed. Section 3.0 discussed under internal
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Internal Control Definition Internal control is broadly defined as a process‚ effected by an entity’s board of trustees‚ management‚ and other personnel‚ designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories: 1. Effectiveness and efficiency of operations 2. Reliability of financial reporting 3. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations 4. Safeguarding of assets Internal control consists of five interrelated components:
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scandals have impacted many individuals such as public companies and accounting firms. Sarbanes Oxley has made many changes to many companies. The major financial scandals have impacted many investors and required more regulations to avert this problems. Sarbanes Oxley has tried to increase ethics in the upper management in many public companies. The upper management has tried to improve on social responsibility and increase the public view. There are many critics to Sarbanes Oxley and many
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