Philosophy notes 9-17-13 Two forms of argument 1) Deductive= provides logically conclusive spport for the conclusion Valid-if the premises are true then the conclusion cannot be false Invalid- it fail to provide support Sound-the argument is valid and the premises are all true Unsound- an argument with true premises that lead to a false conclusion 2) Inductive-provides probable support for the conclusion Strong-premises are true conclusion is probably true cogent-premises are true argument
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The Importance of Deductive Reasoning CRT 205 July 1‚ 2012 Deidra Smith The Importance of Deductive Reasoning It is important to understand what is known prior to making a decision because if that is not done you will be making a decision on half the information. You should always know all the points of an argument or story before you come to a conclusion because if that’s not done your decision will not be accurate and will be based on mere speculation. Hearing all important and pertinent
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philosophical strategies): the use of deductive reasoning‚ an analytical observation of details‚ a methodological problem-solving approach‚ and the use of semiotics to draw conclusions from the details he observes. All though all four of these approaches are similar in their use of details that could be construed as “signs‚” they all have specific‚ defining qualities. Sherlock Holmes has often been described as one of the most successful users of deductive reasoning‚ which (in his case) involves coming
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Nosich’s “The Elements of Reasoning” and Elder’s “The Standards for Thinking” both focus on various techniques people can adopt to become better critical thinkers. According to Nosich‚ two conditions must exist to be considered critical thinking: the thinking must be reflective and it must meet high standards. These two conditions lead us into the eights elements of reasoning presented in the readings. The first element focused on is “Purpose‚” which includes objectives‚ goals‚ your desired outcome
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organization should include good business ethics. Moral reasoning is integral part of business ethics. L. Kohlberg determined three levels of moral development that consists of six stages. The stages of Kohlberg ’s model relate to the qualitative moral reasoning adopted by individuals. According to this model‚ a person can not skip any stages and make headway sequentially. So‚ in this essay I will analyze Kohlberg ’s levels of moral reasoning‚ my own development concerning this model‚ how to reach
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1. Introduction Moral reasoning is defined as “individual or collective practical reasoning about what‚ morally‚ one ought to do”. The theory introduces two moral principles: consequentialist principle‚ which determines an act’s morality by its consequences‚ and categorical principle‚ which assesses an act by looking at its certain duties and rights despite the outcomes. To some extent‚ these two principles seem to contradict each other‚ which may become obstacles for achieving reasonable actions
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Running head: TWO FORMS OF DEDUCTIVE REASONING – ABSTRACT AND THEMATIC – AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH WORKING MEMORY 1 Abstract The relationship between two forms of deductive reasoning - abstract and thematic - and working memory capacity were examined. Two forms (abstract and thematic) of the Wason selection task and the Ospan test for general working memory capacity were used. Seventy eight‚ third-year‚ distance psychology students were tested in a counterbalanced experimental design.
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Types of Reasoning Reasoning is the process of inferring conclusions from premises. The premises may be in the form of any of the various types of evidence; they may be stated as propositions; or they may be statements of conclusions reached through prior reasoning. Thus advocates use the premises they have previously established or asserted‚ and by a process of reasoning‚ they try to establish something new—a conclusion they want their audience to accept. If the audience perceives the premises
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pornography. The arguer reports back an irrelevant thesis that the Senator is in favour of complete governmental censorship of books‚ magazines and films. 6. Challenge the fallacy. (4 Marks) Explain what is wrong with using this pattern of reasoning with reference to any violations of the 3 criteria for a good argument . State which criteria for a good argument the fallacy violates. Explain what it means to violate that criteria for a good argument (relevancy‚ sufficiency‚ acceptability)
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INDUCTIVE REASONING An inductive reasoning test measures abilities that are important in solving problems. They may also be referred to as abstract reasoning tests or diagrammatic style tests. These tests measure the ability to work flexibly with unfamiliar information and find solutions. People who perform well on these tests tend to have a greater capacity to think conceptually as well as analytically. ABDUCTIVE REASONING Abduction is a kind of logical inference described by Charles Sanders
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