Speak For Those Who Can’t Do the companies L’Oreal‚ Lancome‚ Garnier‚ Maybelline‚ Sephora‚ and Neutrogena sound familiar? All of these companies take part in animal testing. Every year 19.5 million animals die in testing every year‚ and these companies are involved. Products produced by these companies are some that one may use every day. Hopefully whoever uses their products feels guilty for putting those animals in all that pain and torture just to look pretty. Certainly‚ this is not a liable
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The Ethical Dilemma: Stem Cell Research “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do.”- Potter Stewart One of the most controversial topics in today’s world is stem cell research. What are stem cells? Why is the debate about stem cells about ethics? Should stem cell research be allowed? What are the benefits of stem cell research? Stem cells are cells that have the potential to differentiate into a specialized cell such as liver cell. Scientists
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Causes of Variation. Variation is a result that leads to a difference or deviation (for example‚ structure‚ form‚ function) from the recognised norm or standard. It is a modification in structure‚ form or function in an organism‚ deviating from other organisms of the same species or group. There are two types of variation: interspecific variation and intraspecific variation. Interspecific variation is when one species differs from another like mammals differ from fish. These differences are explained
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The law of segregation states that when the gamete is being produced‚ each allele for each gene is carried on a single gamete so that the alleles for each gene have been segregated from one another. It is during fertilisation when the two gametes fuse that the pairing of the alleles occurs. The second law of independent assortment suggests that the genes for different characteristics are separated independently during the production of gametes. The third law of dominance
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Down’s Syndrome Down’s syndrome is a genetic condition involving an extra chromosome‚ this change occurs around the time of conception. A person with Down’s syndrome has forty-seven chromosomes instead of the usual forty-six. A relatively common genetic disorder‚ Down’s strikes 1 out of 600 babies. In 95 percent of all cases‚ the disorder originates with the egg‚ not the sperm‚ and the only known risk factor is advanced maternal age-at age 35‚ a woman has 1 chance in 117 of having a baby with
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truly representative data. Indeed‚ there are many examples in the literature of highprofile failings of animal models to predict human toxicity[1-4]. • As such‚ there is a requirement in research for alternatives to both animal models and standard in vitro cell culture. • The Quasi-Vivo® culture system enables cell culture under laminar flow. This is designed to mimic the type of flow found in the body[5]‚[6] providing mechanical stimulation equivalent to blood and lymph movement‚ and ensuring constant
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ways to test medical products. The alternative tests are more conventional. With all the new technology that has been invented in recent years‚ it makes more sense to utilise the devices that have been created. Some of the new common methods are in vitro test methods and models‚ computerized patient drug databases‚ virtual drug trials‚ computer simulations‚ stem cell and genetic testing methods‚ using MRIs and CT scans‚ and microdosing (In
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healthcare problem. Although myriad factors have been implicated in impaired wound healing‚ recent research has focused on the role of matrix-based bacterial communities called biofilms that are often associated with chronic wounds. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to study the role of biofilms in non-healing wounds. Basic science and clinical studies suggest that effective eradication of pathogenic biofilms requires multimodality strategies including serial debridement
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children‚ parents and their children will be able to enjoy a better standard of living. 4. Family planning methods involve the use of contraceptive (birth control) which are essentially methods of preventing pregnancy by reducing the likelihood of fertilisation or implantation. These methods are described in Table 4.5 Data and discussion Method Desciption Procedures advantages disadvantages Prevention of ovulation 1.Oral contraceptives 2.Contraceptive implant Oral contraceptives(a
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1 INTRODUCTION In recent years‚ there has been rapid growth in the number of Fast Dissolving / Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) product on the market. Fast Dissolving Tablets are solid tablets and designed to dissolve/disintegrate in the patient’s mouth within a few second or minutes‚ without the need to drink or chew. However‚ the fear of taking solid tablets and the risk of choking for certain patient populations still exist despite their short disintegration/dissolution times. However‚ some
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