A Review of Facial Nerve Anatomy Terence M. Myckatyn‚ M.D.1 and Susan E. Mackinnon‚ M.D.1 ABSTRACT An intimate knowledge of facial nerve anatomy is critical to avoid its inadvertent injury during rhytidectomy‚ parotidectomy‚ maxillofacial fracture reduction‚ and almost any surgery of the head and neck. Injury to the frontal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve in particular can lead to obvious clinical deficits‚ and areas where these nerves are particularly susceptible to injury
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Session 9: The Nervous System - Assignment #2 PhysioEx Assignment : Exercise 3 Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses Activity 1: The Resting Membrane Potential 1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. Increasing the extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value because when K+ ions diffuse out across the membrane they are leaving behind a net negative charge. 2. Explain
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main factor that leads to the damage of optic nerve is elevated pressure in the eye. The optic nerve is the main visual nerve of the eye. It transmits the images we see back to the brain for interpretation. The shape and tone of the eye is maintained by a pressure within the eye‚ which ranges between 8 mm and 22 mm of mercury. When this pressure is too low‚ the eye becomes softer‚ while an elevated pressure causes the eye to become harder. The optic nerve is the most susceptible part of the eye to high
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NAME ____________________________________ LAB TIME/DATE _______________________ R E V I E W S H E E T EXERCISE 31 → Conduction System of the Heart and Electrocardiography The Intrinsic Conduction System 1. List the elements of the intrinsic conduction system in order‚ starting from the SA node. SA node → ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) NODE → → ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) BUNDLE BUNDLE BRANCHES PURKINJE FIBERS ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) NODE At what structure in the transmission sequence
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EXERCISE 3: Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses ACTIVITY 1: The Resting Membrane Potential Answers 1. The nervous system contains two general types of cells: neuroglia cells and a. nerves. b. cell bodies. c. neurons. d. nephrons. 2. The resting membrane potential of the neuron in this lab under the control conditions was _______ mV. 3. True or False: For most neurons‚ the concentration of Na+ and K+ ions inside and outside the cell are the primary factors that determine the resting membrane
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EXERCISE 3 Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses Laboratory Report Answer the following questions. (3 points each). 1. What is the difference between membrane irritability and membrane conductivity? Membrane irritability is the ability to respond to a stimuli and convert it in to nerve impulses. Membrane conductivity is the ability to transmit that impulse that is created by membrane irritability. 2. If you were to spend a lot of time studying nerve physiology in the laboratory‚ what
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sciatic nerve‚ speed of transmission and degree of myelination can all have an effect on the sciatic nerve and therefore the peak contractile force of B. Marinus. The diameter of the axon in the sciatic nerve would impact how fast the action potential is conceived down the axon to the synaptic cleft and muscle (Firmin‚ L. 2014). If one of the toads had a smaller axon diameter it would allow for resistance to movement to occur due to friction. The diameter of the axon in the sciatic nerve would therefore
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Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to examine how the compound action potentials propagate down the sciatic nerve of a frog based on varying stimuli. Before the nerve could be tested it needed to be extracted from the thigh of the frog and then submerged in saline. Several varying stimuli were used and recorded by a software package. The second experiment requires a constant stimulus with varying reference pin locations. From this the velocity of the action potential propagated can be
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Introduction Neurons (also known as neurons‚ nerve cells and nerve fibers) are electrically excitable and the most important cells in the nervous system that functions to process and transmit information. Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. They often look likes branches or spikes extending out from the cell body. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical messages from other neurons. One extension is different from all the others‚ and is called
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Anatomy & Physiology I Cranial Nerve Lab Report: Zoe’s Case Annastelle L. Cohen‚ Brandi Brown‚ Mariann Killen Howard Community College BIOL-203: Anatomy & Physiology I Professor Canham April 26‚ 2016 Introduction There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves associated with the human brain that all have individual and essential functions. They are represented by a name that is followed by a Roman numeral. The cranial nerves are organized in a cranial to caudal sequence (Howard Community
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