Protein Article Research Kristen Roberts Immunity is the ability of a body to resist infection or to counter the harmful toxins produced by infecting organisms (Martin‚ Hine 2008). Antibodies and white blood cells are defensive cells and substances‚ these things produce an immune response. If such an encounter such as‚ bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites occur can make the macrophages engulf the microorganism and secretes cytokines and chemokines. This attracts immune cells to the infected
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1999 Adipic Acid (98/99-3) Currently operating commercial production processes for adipic acid depend on the production or purchase of KA oil (a mixture of cyclohexanone‚ the ketone or K component‚ and cyclohexanol‚ the alcohol or A component)‚ or of pure cyclohexanol‚ and its subsequent oxidation in solution to adipic acid using an excess of strong nitric acid. This report deals with KA oil/cyclohexanol production by various routes‚ followed by the common step of nitric acid oxidation. KA
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M1 analyse why a sole trader might want to become either a partnership or a private limited company. Sole Trader Sole trading is where a person decides to set up a business on their own. They may employ people but there is only one owner. Most people can set up a small business if they wish‚ as there is no complicated paperwork and it is a straightforward process - you don’t need to do anything except start trading. Most small businesses are sole traders. Examples could be: plumbers‚ hairdressers
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Biuret Reagent to Test for Proteins In Food” Cindy Zhou Introduction Protein is a series of amino acids that are connected together by peptide bond. The bond is located between the end of previous amino acid‚ which is the carboxyl group‚ and the head of next amino acid‚ which is a amino group. The Biuret reagent is a solution of copper sulfate and potassium hydroxide. When peptide bond are presented‚ the copper (II) will interact with them (MadSci Network: General Biology). It is a dark blue
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How does acid precipitation affect marble and limestone buildings? Acid rain is a type of precipitation that is characterised by containing contaminating substances such as sulphuric and nitric acid‚ both of which have harmful effects on the environment. Both marble and limestone are extremely vulnerable to the damages done by acid rain due to their components. These materials contain calcite‚ a substance that easily reacts and dissolves with acid. Acid rain is the cause of the destruction of many
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Acid Rain Air pollution is one of the most common outcomes of the combustion of fossil fuels. A common air pollutant that is released is sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. This is because when coal and fuels obtained from crude oil are burned‚ sulpur and nitrogen is released into the atmosphere‚ which is eventually joint with the oxygen in the air to produce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. When these gases are emitted in sufficient quantities‚ it reacts with the water and oxygen in the atmosphere
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To investigate how does the concentration of Hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction? Outline I aim to discover how different concentrations of Hydrochloric acid influence the rates of reaction. In order to carry out this investigation I have decided to use marble chips‚ which I will vary the sizes as powder‚ small chips and large chips. I will also be changing the concentration‚ the different concentrations are as follows 0.2m‚ 0.5m‚ 1m‚ 1.5‚ 2m. I have chosen these concentrations as they
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WHEN DO BABIES EYES CHANGE COLOR? INTRODUCTION The color of human beings’ eyes varies depending on the genetics of that person. The color range is from the darkest shade of brown to the lightest shade of blue. Babies are born with different eye colors. More often than not‚ they are born with blue or grey eyes. This is especially for the Caucasians. As they grow up‚ their eye color changes over time. As a parent you may miss out on the change process but after sometime you will notice they are different
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ICSE Class X Chapter 5 Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen chloride (HCl) : Formula : HCl Nature : Covalent. Molecular Mass : 36·5u [i.e. HCl = 1 + 35·5 = 36·5] Occurrence : (i) Present in gastric juices. (ii) Present in volcanic gases. Laboratory preparation of HCl gas : Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in laboratory by heating conc. H2SO4 with NaCl. NaCl + H2SO4 Heat → NaCl + NaHSO4 Heat → NaHSO4 + HCl Sodium hydrogen sulphate Na2SO4 + HCl
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ANIMAL CELL MODEL ORGANELLE FUNCTIONS Cell membrane: Separating the interior of the cell from the outside environment‚ the cell wall is selectively permeable‚ only letting certain things through. It is involved in a variety of cellular processes‚ such as cell adhesion and cell signalling. Cytoplasm: The fluid that fills the cell‚ cytoplasm uses its dissolved enzymes to break down larger molecules. The products can then be used by the organelles that are suspended in the cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton:
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