Assumptions and Fallacies Critical and Creative Thinking University of Phoenix Appendix D: Assumptions and Fallacies • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? Assumption is an idea one believes to be true based on prior experience or one’s belief systems. (Elder & Paul‚ 2002) Assumptions are a part of our belief system but we don’t know that they are true or not. Assumptions
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Based on examples from Kenya and elsewhere‚ discuss why taking development to the people is a fallacy. 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 DEVELOPMENT Development is defined as the process of improvement in the wellbeing of people‚ improving their education‚ health‚ land‚ shelter‚ and other related aspects. It is also opening out to them equal opportunities to richer and more valid life. It also involves an increase in the national economy‚ increase in capacity of a political system‚ change and growth‚ qualities
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logic1. 3.3 Fallacies of Weak Induction: 3. Fallacies of weak induction a fallacy of weak induction occurs when an argument’s premises are not strong enough to support the conclusion. The premises are logically relevant‚ but that isn’t enough for them to be supportive enough. These fallacies also involve an emotional appeal to make their case. 4. Different types of weak induction fallacies Appeal to unqualified authority (Argumentum ad Verecundiam) this fallacy affects arguments from authority
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Contracts (C3‚ pg 58) |Nature of contract |- Legal relationship consisting of the right and promises constituting an agreement between the parties that give each party a legal | | |duty to the other and also the right to seek for breach of those duties | | |- Consensus ad idem (meeting of minds); what the parties agree on must be clear and unambiguous and parties must be ad idem. |
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many things about fallacies. In our powerpoint presentation‚ it says that each generation is to learn these fallacies. This tale of the college students and the teaching of fallacies was in a much different generation than we are in now. Some fallacies I learned of in this story that were different from the ones stated in my course text were‚ Dicto Simpliciter‚ Contradictory Premises‚ Ad Misericoriam‚ Hypothesis Contrary to Fact‚ and Poisoning the Well. The Dicto Simpliciter Fallacy is and argument
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4 Radius Images/Photolibrary Mistakes in Reasoning: The World of Fallacies Have you ever heard of Plato‚ Aristotle‚ Socrates? Morons! —Vizzini‚ The Princess Bride Section 4.1 What Is a Fallacy? CHAPTER 4 S o far we have looked at how to construct arguments and how to evaluate them. We’ve seen that arguments are constructed from sentences‚ with some sentences providing reasons‚ or premises‚ for another sentence‚ the conclusion. The purpose of arguments is to provide support
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Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder or DID‚ is a severe form of dissociation‚ a mental process which produces a lack connections between someone’s memories‚ feelings‚ thoughts‚ actions‚ and their sense of identity (Chakraburtty‚ 2009). The dissociative part is thought to be a way of coping. The person dissociates themselves from a situation or experience that can be too violent‚ painful‚ or traumatic to assimilate with their conscious self (Chakraburtty‚ 2009). Dissociative
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Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race‚ which was written during a time that race ws a determinant of one’s intelligence and self-character. He states that within the study of biology‚ “-race is defined as a subdivision of species … In this sense‚ there are many human ’races.’ But this is not the sense in which many anthropologists‚ race-classifiers‚ and racists have used the term‚” (Montagu 1945). This called out many scientific individuals who had used race as a determinant of each person’s ability to
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red herring fallacy to illustrate how people often throw arguments off course by raising an irrelevant issue. During an argument between Putman and Proctor‚ Miller writes‚ “I [Putman] never heard you so worried about society‚ Mr. Proctor. I do not think I saw you at Sabbath meeting since snow flew” (Miller I. 28). Miller shows how Putman effectively derails the conversation‚ preventing the other people from continuing to talk about witchcraft. Miller’s use of the red herring fallacy helps to develop
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English Logical Fallacies Example 1: Your family is crazy. Therefore you are crazy. This is an example of the logical fallacy‚ hasty generalizations. There is a interpretation of misleading information present within this statement. The arguer draws to a conclusion of insufficient evidence that suggests a person being crazy because his or her family is crazy. This is a false settlement of opinion and judgment. A person can’t inherit a duplicate personality because each person is their own
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