COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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References: on organizational performance measurement include Richard L. Lynch and Kelvin F. Cross‚ Measure Up! How to Measure Corporate Performance (Cambridge‚ Mass.: Blackwell Business‚ 1995); Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton‚ The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action (Cambridge‚ Mass.: Harvard Business School Press‚ 1996); and Andy Neely‚ Business
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Next is the To-Do List‚ which is what we call Box 7. The To-Do List is a mixture of tasks that was completed within the event‚ as well as some of the follow up items that will need to be done in a certain amount of time. We received kudos for our To- Do List since we completed so many tasks on the list while in the event. All action items with a green dot out to the right side of it shows that it was completed within the week time frame. Those without a dot‚ has a blank space‚ are the items that
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Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurred in the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expenses incurred on the production of a commodity. There are number of services and inputs such as entrepreneurship‚ land‚ capital etc.‚ which are offered by an entrepreneur without changing any price or receiving any payment for them. While computing the total cost of production‚ allowance should be made for such expenses. It is therefore essential
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Standard set without due care; Efficient or inefficient buying (e.g.‚ discounts); Buying different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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Cost Management and Analysis (22753) Energy Efficiency Initiative Executive summary Introduction This report is an evaluation and recommendation for CSR about an investment in new forklifts in order to replace the100 old diesel forklifts (3.5 tonnes‚TCM) mainly used indoors at the group’s plants and distributions sites. There are three alternatives which best meets CSR’s needs; the gas‚ the electrical and the bio-diesel. The three alternatives in the capital expenditure proposal fall under
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Desalination 223 (2008) 448–456 Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment Ioannis C. Karagiannis*‚ Petros G. Soldatos Agricultural University of Athens‚ Department of Agricultural Economics & Rural Development‚ 75 Iera Odos Street‚ GR 11855 Athens‚ Greece Tel. +30 210 5294769; Fax +30 210 5294776; email: i.karagiannis@aua.gr Received 21 December 2006; accepted 28 February 2007 Abstract As water resources are rapidly being exhausted‚ more and more interest is paid to the desalination
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Cost/Benefit Analysis Evaluating Quantitatively Whether to Follow a Course of Action You may have been intensely creative in generating solutions to a problem‚ and rigorous in your selection of the best one available. However‚ this solution may still not be worth implementing‚ as you may invest a lot of time and money in solving a problem that is not worthy of this effort. Cost Benefit Analysis or CBA is a relatively* simple and widely used technique for deciding whether to make a change. As its
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economics and business decision-making‚ sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs‚ which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Both retrospective and prospective costs may be either fixed (continuous for as long as the business is in operation and unaffected by output volume) or variable (dependent on volume) costs. Note‚ however‚ that many economists consider
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