DETERMINING RATIO DECIDENDI – EFFICACY OF WAMBAUGH’S TEST I. INTRODUCTION Judicial precedents are an important sources of law. They are the former judgements of the superior courts which the judges in common law countries are bound to follow. This bindingness of previous decisions on the lower courts is partly due to high status which the judges enjoyed in England and also partly because of the importance of the issues which they decided. Judicial decisions were given a high authority as
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 MANAGERIAL FINANCE: 3 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS: 3 RATIO ANALYSIS: 3 FAUJI CEMENT BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT 4 RATIO ANALYSIS: 9 INTRODUCTION MANAGERIAL FINANCE: • Managerial finance is concerned with the duties of the financial manager in the business firm. • The financial manager actively manages the financial affairs of any type of business‚ whether private or public‚ large or small‚ profit-seeking or not-for-profit
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Coursework Ratio Analysis of Tesco and Sainsbury Introduction This report details the results of a ratio analysis of two of the largest retailers in the UK: Sainsbury and Tesco based on their audited financial statements for the financial years ending 2011‚ 2012‚ and 2013. The two companies are compared with each other based on their profitability and liquidity ratios. This report then critically interprets the results of the ratio analysis calculations and then discusses the weaknesses of ratio analysis
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ANALYSIS FOR INSIDERS RATIOS 1. Manufacturing Cost per Unit The ratio demonstrated that how much Polycon is spending in producing one unit. It helps business owners determine when they’ll turn a profit and helps them price their products with that in mind. It provides a dynamic overview of the relationships among revenues‚ costs and profits As little as company incurs on producing one unit‚ it will goes to the company’s goodwill. In order to review the ratio under consideration‚ it has been
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Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure two aspects of a corporation’s profits: (1) those elements of operations that contribute to profit and (2) the relationship of profit to total investment and investment by stockholders. The first group of profitability ratios [gross profit (or gross margin) percentage‚ operating margin percentage‚ and net profit margin percentage] expresses income statement elements as percentages of net sales. The second group of profitability ratios (return on assets
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1. Current Ratio- the current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities. In the data from 2002 in Appendix D the current assets equal $104‚296.00 and the current liabilities equal $139‚017.00 the current ratio equals 0.75. 2. Long –term solvency ratio- the formula used for long term solvency is total assets divided by total liabilities. In the data provided the total assets equal $391‚270.00 and the total liabilities equal $310‚246.00 making the long-term solvency ratio equal 1.26
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Stockholder Ratios Stockholders are primarily interested in two things: (1) The creation of value‚ and (2) The distribution of value. Stockholder ratios such as earnings per share and return on common equity provide information about the creation of value for shareholders. The value is distributed to shareholders in one of two ways. Either the corporation issues dividends or repurchases stock. The remainder of the stockholder ratios—dividend yield‚ dividend payout‚ stock repurchase payout
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PROBLEMS 1. The following three one year “discount” loans are available to you: Loan A: $120‚000 at a 7 percent discount rate Loan B: $110‚000 at a 6 percent discount rate Loan C: $130‚000 at a 6.5 percent discount rate a. Determine the dollar amount of interest you would pay on each loan and indicate the amount of net proceeds each loan would provide. Which loan would provide you with the most upfront money when the loan takes place? Loan A: 120‚000 – 8400 = 111‚600. Loan
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RATIO ANALYSIS Ratios | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | Current Ratio | 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.91 | Quick Ratio | 0.66 | 0.41 | 0.46 | Working Capital | (43318926) | (480192556) | (199882615) | ------------------------------------------------- 2007 Current Ratio (C.R):- It shows the relationship between size of current assets and size of current liabilities. Current Ratio=Current Assets (C.A)/Current Liabilities (C.L) The standard of current ratio is (2/1) means
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| 2 | 4.1 Vertical analysis 4.2 Horizontal analysis | 23 | 4. Key ratios analysis | 4 | 5. Share issues | 5 | 6. Conclusion | 5 | 7. Bibliography | 6 | Table of Appendixes 1. Income statement – Horizontal and vertical analysis | 2. Statement of financial position – Horizontal and vertical analysis | 3. Ratio analysis - Liquidity and Profitability | 4. Ratio analysis – Efficiency and Investment | 5. FTSE 100 Index – weekly share prices
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