Undoped and Ce doped ZnO thin films were prepared by the sol-gel process. Zinc acetate dehydrate was dissolved in a mixture of absolute ethanol and monoethanolamine (MEA) yielding to a precursor concentration of 0.4 M .The MEA to zinc acetate molar ratio was set to 1. For doped films‚ cerium nitrate was added to the mixture with an atomic percentage fixed at 0.1‚ 0.3‚ 0.5‚ 0.7‚ and 0.9 at.% Ce‚ respectively. The resulting sols were magnetically stirred at 60°C for 1 hour and then aged at room temperature
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Theory: Distillation is the conversion of a mixture of substance into vapors which is afterwards condensed to the liquid form. It cans separation or purification of substances by taking advantage of differences in volatility. The purpose of this lab is comparing the efficiency of two distillation methods with the mixture of ethanol and 1-butanol. in theory the fractional distillation should be more efficient because of the steel sponge. The sponge acted as surface area for gas to condense on. This
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Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Abstract Isopentyl acetate was synthesized via a Fischer Esterification and purified via simple distillation. The yield was determined to be 25%. The identity and purity of the product was confirmed by comparison of the measured ultra-micro boiling point (140°C) to the published value (142°C).1 Chemical Equation Procedure Isopentyl alcohol (0.787 g‚ 1.2 mL‚ 8.93 mmol)‚ acetic acid (1.574 g‚ 1.5 mL‚ 26.20 mmol)‚ and sulfuric acid (0.368
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Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Using A Fischer Esterification Reaction Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize Isopentyl Acetate using a Fischer esterification reaction. Fischer esterification is an acid-catalyzed condensation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid‚ yielding an ester and water. Isopentyl Acetate has the scent of banana oil‚ once synthesized it will be purified by distillation. Then the analysis of the sample using H NMR and IR will determine purity
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Abstract Isopentyl acetate was synthesized in 44.9% yield through a reaction between isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid‚ with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Identify and purity of the product was confirmed by infrared spectrum analysis of the product and the boiling point (141-142˚C) to the published value of (lit1142.5 ˚C). Procedure: Isopentyl alcohol (.893g)‚ acetic acid (2ml)‚ and concentrated sulfuric acid (4 drops) was added to a 5ml conical vial‚ and then attached to a reflux apparatus.
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Fractional distillation was used in this experiment. This is one of two ways for distillation‚ the other being simple distillation. However‚ with a simple distillation‚ the difference of boiling points between the substances must be more than 40 to 50 degrees C. A fractional distillation column is needed in a fractional distillation. The column in a fractional distillation column provides a temperature gradient where the temperature is lower at the top of the column and the temperature is greater
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The objective of this experiment was the synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and Isopentyl Alcohol‚ using a strong acid as a catalyst. The product was washed‚ and distilled. This approach is called Fisher esterification‚ whereby esters are produced by the esterification of a Carboxylic acid where it is heated with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid which acts as a catalyst. The ester produced had a banana flavor. The extraction of the
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INTRODUCTION Isopentyl acetate‚ "banana oil"‚ is a naturally occurring compound that possesses a distinctive odor. It is found in bananas‚ as well as many other organisms. This experiment attempts to produce isopentyl acetate by heating under reflux‚ which involves heating the mixture in a flask with a condenser placed vertically in the neck since any escaping vapours condense and run back into the flask‚ by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and an acid catalyst. The product was isolated
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method for this separation in crude oil is known as fractional distillation. Fractional distillation is carried out by heating the petroleum to 400 °C. As every hydrocarbon in petroleum has it a particular boiling point‚ by doing so‚ they will separate out and then be collected. The portion that remains thick at 400 °C falls to the bottom of the tower is removed and forms bitumen or asphalt. The mixture of vapours that enters the fractional distillation tower starts to condense as the temperature cools
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Fractional Distillation & Gas Chromatography Exp. 1 Pre-Lab: 1) When two substances whose molecules are very similar from a liquid solution‚ the vapor pressure of the mixture related to vapor pressure of the pure substance. Also it could be defined as a two liquid are ideal solution when they don’t react with each other and they make no association. 2) Are a mixture of at least two different liquid‚ and known also as a mixture of two or more liquid in such away that its component
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