INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS AND OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT 6 : FORECASTING TECHNIQUES Dr. Ravi Mahendra Gor Associate Dean ICFAI Business School ICFAI HOuse‚ Nr. GNFC INFO Tower S. G. Road Bodakdev Ahmedabad-380054 Ph.: 079-26858632 (O); 079-26464029 (R); 09825323243 (M) E-mail: ravigor@hotmail.com Contents Introduction Some applications of forecasting Defining forecasting General steps in the forecasting process Qualitative techniques in forecasting Time series methods The Naive Methods Simple Moving
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Business Forecasting Contents 1.0 Executive summary…………………………………………………………………………………4 2.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………5 3.0 Question 1……………………………………………………………………………………………...6 4.1 a) Time series plot…………………………………………………………………………6 4.2 b) Exponential smoothing methods……………………………………………….8 4.3 c) 8 months Forecasted period……………………………………………………11 4.4 d) Forecasting report……………………………………………………………………13 4.0 Question 2……………………………………………………………………………………………
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impacts on enhancing both top & bottom lines. In today’s world‚ the retailers require forecasts that would be instrumental in directing the organisation through a minefield of capacity constraints‚ multiple sales geographies and a multi-tier distribution channel. Demand forecasting helps understand key questions viz. which market would place demands for which specific type of product‚ which manufacturing unit should cater to which retailer‚ how many product units are required in a given season
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Forecasting can be generally regarded as a method or techniques for approximating several forthcoming facets of businesses or other operations. Forecasting can be achieved by using several methods. An example of that is a wholesale business that has been operational for 15 years‚ that business would be able to forecast the business’s capacity of the sales in the approaching year derived from its proficiency over the past 15 years of being in business. Forecasting method uses the historical data of
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Types of forecasting There are two major types of forecasting‚ which can be broadly described as macro and micro: Macro forecasting is concerned with forecasting markets in total. This is about determining the existing level of Market Demand and considering what will happen to market demand in the future. Micro forecasting is concerned with detailed unit sales forecasts. This is about determining a product’s market share in a particular industry and considering what will happen to that market
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Business Forecasting One of the steps‚ say the very first one‚ in the process of management is planning. Planning is understood as the process of setting goals and choosing the means to achieve these goals. Planning is essential for‚ without it‚ managers cannot organise people and resources effectively. Meaning and Definition Forecasting is fundamental to planning. Forecasts are statements about future‚ specifying the volume of sales to be achieved and equipment‚ materials and other inputs needed
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Which of the following is the least useful sales forecasting model to use when sales are increasing? Select one: Trend adjusted exponential smoothing Weighted moving average Naïve Exponential smoothing ? Simple mean x Which of the following forecasting methods is most likely to be implemented to change an existing quantitative forecast to account for a new competitor in the marketplace? Select one: Gamma method Executive opinion Market research Naïve method Delphi method
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Objectives (Importance) of Demand Forecasting Demand forecasting is an inseperable part of a modern day business management. The business houses spend large amounts of money on demand forecasting. The importance of Demand Forecasting arises from out of the objectives served by it. The prominent objectives can be described as follows 1. Planning production :- In a modern economy‚ the production of any commodity is uindertaken in anticipation of demand. The firm produces in advance and keeps
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Int. J. Production Economics 70 (2001) 163}174 Forecasting practices of Canadian "rms: Survey results and comparisons Robert D. Klassen ‚ Benito E. Flores * Richard Ivey School of Business‚ University of Western Ontario‚ London‚ Ont.‚ Canada N6A 3K7 Lowry Mays School of Business‚ Texas A&M University‚ College Station‚ TX 77843-4217‚ USA Received 20 March 2000; accepted 4 May 2000 Abstract A survey of forecasting practices was carried out to provide a better understanding of Canadian business
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DEMAND FORECASTING Demand forecasting is the process of predicting future average sales on the basis of historical data samples and market intelligence. The volatility of demand from an average level is supplied from the safety inventory. Any forecast is likely to be wrong‚ so the focus should be on understanding the range of potential forecast errors and the level of safety inventory that will cater for peak demand. An important additional calculation is forecast bias. This is the cumulative
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