Food chains‚ Food Webs and the Flow of Energy in Ecosystems Introduction An ecosystem can be defined as a more or less self-contained function unit in ecology consisting of all abiotic and biotic interactions in a specific area. Flow of energy within an ecosystem is a one-way process; Photosynthesis utilizes light (solar) energy to yield chemical energy that is passed on to organisms at significantly reduced amounts at each level of nutrition. This ‘inefficiency’ in energy transfer is the principal constrain
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term “ecosystem” but now as we have done this project we have now learned various things about ecosystem in depth and that will help us in our course study in coming days. This project is based on term “ecosystem” and “Food chain” after going through it many will be able to answer these questions: * What is an ecosystem‚ and how can we study one? * Is the earth an open or closed system with respect to energy and elements? * Tropic level * What are the types of food chain *
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FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS There are two types of feeding relationships: autotrophic and heterotrophic. Autotrophic organisms make their own food by the process of photosynthesis e.g. plants. Heterotrophic organisms cannot make their own food (i.e. cannot carry out photosynthesis)‚ therefore must eat other organisms to get their nutrients e.g. animals. A food chain is the feeding relationship among organisms or the series of living organisms that eat each other. A food chain shows the transfer
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FOOD CHAINS‚ FOOD WEBS AND ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS In an ecosystem‚ plants capture the sun’s energy and use it to convert inorganic compounds into energy-rich organic compounds. This process of using the sun’s energy to convert minerals (such as magnesium or nitrogen) in the soil into green leaves‚ or carrots‚ or strawberries‚ is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is only the beginning of a chain of energy conversions. There are many types of animals that will eat the products of the photosynthesis
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ecosystem. In a forest‚ if deer become rare or get wiped out by a disease of any natural calamity‚ the predator. such as lion. can feed on other animals such as fox‚ *olf‚ crane etc. till the usual prey animals are available again (see Fig. 14.3). In brief‚ we can say that many interlocking food chains make it possible for the living beings to survive minor or major ’setbacks and changes in their surroundings. Thus‚ inteiloctiig food chains provide st;bility td the ecosystem. Fig’ 14’3:
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not limited to) beetles. Every ecosystem has biodiversity and its biodiversity is beneficial. The benefit of a desert’s biodiversity is that each organism can help other organisms survive or‚ at the least‚ maintain. For instance‚ lizards eat insects and insects eat plants. So the lizards eating the insects protect the plants from any damage the insects may cause to the plants. As shown in the diagram below‚ three categories of a desert ecosystem are producers‚ consumers‚ and decomposers
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Food Web Diagram Temperate Forest: Lynx (C) Wolf (C) Bear (C) Cougar (C) Amphibians (C) Raccoons (C) Birds (C) Squirrel‚ Mice‚ and Chipmunks (C) Salmon (C) Insects (C‚ D) Deer and Elk (C) Primary Producer and Decomposer Trees and Plants The above food web describes how all the major categories of organism can work to together in an ecosystem. First let’s describe the producers‚ these are plants and trees the produce energy into the ecosystem. Next the consumer
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FLOW OF ENERGY THROUGH THE ECOSYSTEM BY: JULIAN NEME JARED DALLING ALLAN VARELA LIFE DEPENDS ON THE SUN • PHOTOSYNTHESIS: • Is a process used by plants and other organisms to use light energy usually the sun ‚ to make sugar molecules. • The result of photosynthesis is sugar which is called CARBOHYDRATES PRODUCERS‚ CONSUMERS‚ DECOMPOSERS • Producers: is an organism that makes its own food. • Consumers: is organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms. • Decomposers: there organisms
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called food. Food contains energy. The food (or energy) can be transferred from one organism to the other through food chains. The starting point of a food chain is a category of organisms called producers. Producers are‚ in fact‚ plants. So‚ we can say that all the food chains begin with a green plant (or grass) which is the original source of all food. Let us take an example to understand the meaning of food chain. Suppose there is a field having a lot of green plants (or producers of food). Now
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Introduce this section with the food chain discussion card called ‘Under the sea’. Food chains are a flow of energy Food webs exist in a delicate balance. If one animal’s source of food disappears‚ perhaps from a natural cause such as a drought or a killer disease‚ many other animals in the food chain are affected. Some populations may decline‚ and some explode. Humans are usually at the top of the chain and are often responsible for disrupting food webs. All living things depend on
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