the small fraction which reaches body fluids is known for imparting a harmless red-orange color to the urine (and to a lesser extent‚ also sweat and tears) of users‚ for a few hours after a dose. Maximal concentrations in the blood are decreased by about a third when the antibiotic is taken with food.[4] Common unwanted effects include fever‚ gastrointestinal disturbances‚ rashes‚ and immunological reactions. Taking rifampicin can cause certain bodily fluids‚ such as urine and tears‚ to become orange-red
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systems and water are currently being studied as solvent alternatives. Another actively studied alternative is supercritical carbon dioxide (spCO2). All have potential benefits and disadvantages that need to be considered. [13] Although supercritical fluids are known since the discovery of the critical temperature 175 years ago‚ their use as reaction media for organic synthesis emerged only during the last 1015 years. Especially the use of scCO2 as a solvent for selective extraction and synthesis processes
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flu like symptoms‚ in some cases people go years without knowing they have this disease because it can take years for the swelling to start to occur and make people aware of it. When people develop elephantiasis is due to both the buildup of lymph fluid and the impaired ability of the lymph to fight infections‚ leaving affected people more susceptible to germs and bacteria. There are several ways you can treat this disease. The ways you can treat it will depend on how far it has progressed such as
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centered by the endplates and the annulus fibrosus. The aggrecan synthesized by the nucleus pulposus cells is highly negatively charged that enables the nucleus pulposus to swell by absorbing water. However‚ there are positive cations in the interstitial fluid‚ thus that charges are electrically balanced. In order to the higher concentration of cations‚ the disc undergoes an osmotic pressure (Donnan equilibrium). Subsequently‚ that gives the capacity to attract and absorb water‚ with the respect to the hydrostatic
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Pathophysiology of Disease: (Swelling of tissues produced by an obstruction to the lymph flow in an extremity. Results in excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space.) Lymphedema can be classified as primary (congenital malformations) or secondary (acquired obstruction. Swelling in the extremities occurs due to an excessive increased amount of lymph fluid due to an obstruction of lymphatic system. The obstruction may be in both the lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels. Eventually this will
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NORSOK STANDARD P-001 Edition 5‚ Sep. 2006 Process design This NORSOK standard is developed with broad petroleum industry participation by interested parties in the Norwegian petroleum industry and is owned by the Norwegian petroleum industry represented by The Norwegian Oil Industry Association (OLF) and The Federation of Norwegian Industry. Please note that whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this NORSOK standard‚ neither OLF nor The Federation of Norwegian Industry or
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issues. Turbine enclosed in a diffuser is based on the principle that the generated power output by a tidal turbine is directly proportional to the cube of velocity of incoming fluid flow. Thus‚ even a minor increase in velocity considerably increases the generated power output. The diffuser helps accelerate the incoming fluid flow. Hence‚ the efficiency of the turbine is significantly increased by using a diffuser. It is challenging to accelerate the incoming flow by using a diffuser due to its shape
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Flow‚ Turbulence and Combustion 63: 269–291‚ 1999. © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 269 Approximate Wall Boundary Conditions in the Large-Eddy Simulation of High Reynolds Number Flow W. CABOT and P. MOIN Center for Turbulence Research‚ Stanford University‚ Bldg. 500‚ 488 Escondido Mall‚ Stanford‚ CA 94305-3030‚ U.S.A. Abstract. The near-wall regions of high Reynolds numbers turbulent flows must be modelled to treat many practical engineering and aeronautical
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occurs in the pipe flow due to viscous effects generated by the surface of the 3mm ID pipe. It is understandable that friction loss is a major loss rather than minor loss including energy lost due to obstructions. Loss of head occurred by the mixing of fluid which occurs at fittings such as bends or valves‚ and also frictional resistance at the pipe wall. Besides‚ the major part of the head loss will be due to the local mixing near the fittings. Figure 1.0 Illustration of Fully Developed Flow along a
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INTRODUCTION Open- and closed-loop transfer functions have certain basic characteristics that permit transient and steady-state analyses of the feedback-controlled system. Five factors of prime importance in feedback-control systems are stability‚ the existence and magnitude of the steady-state error‚ controllability‚ observability‚ and parameter sensitivity. The stability characteristic of a linear time-invariant system is determined from the system’s characteristic equation. Routh’s stability
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