Freight Forwarders can act as either a Principal or Agent. Describe in your own words the differences between each. Under what circumstances might a Freight Forwarder want to act as either a Principal or Agent? When Freight Forwarders act as principal‚ they assume all responsibility and liability for the pick-up‚ handling‚ transporting and delivery of the shipment as a regular common carrier would. Their name is on the BOL. When a Freight Forwarder acts as an agent‚ their liability ends once
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2nd of feb CASES MALLIK V BCC: Malik and Mahmud v Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA [1997] UKHL 23 is a leading English contract law and UK labour law case‚ which confirmed the existence of the implied term of mutual trust and confidence in all contracts of employment. Facts: Mr Malik and Mr Mahmud both worked for the Bank of Credit and Commerce International. BCCI went insolvent due to massive fraud‚ connection with terrorists‚ money-laundering‚ extortion and a raft of other criminal
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Law of Agency – the Contracts Act 1950 Great Northern Railway Co v Swaffield states that where impossible to get principal’s instructions‚ the agent’s action is necessary to prevent loss and the agent has acted in good faith‚ an agency of necessity arises. The Contracts Act 1950 states that an agent has to obey principal’s instructions. The Contracts Act 1950 states that an agent has to be careful‚ diligent and use any skill that he may
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History of Contract in India The Third Law commission of British India formed in 1861 under the stewardship of Chairman Sir John Romilly‚ with initial members as Sir Edward Ryan‚ R. Lowe‚ J.M. Macleod‚ Sir W. Erle (succeeded by Sir. W.M. James) and Justice Wills (succeeded by J. Henderson)‚ had presented the report on contract law for India as Draft Contract Law (1866). The Draft Law was enacted as The Act 9 of 1872 on 25th April 1872 and the Indian Contract Act‚ 1872 came into force with effect
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Principal –agent conflict arise because managers & shareholders view the role of the corporation differently. Investors see corporation as investment vehicles. Shareholders want corporate managers to work diligently and efficiently towards the simple goal of maximizing the value of their ownership stake. However‚ the relationship between the managers of a corporation and its owners is complex. The principle of self-interested behavior tells that people‚ including managers and stockholders‚ work
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In Malaysia‚ our contract law is basically governed and enforced by the Contract Act 1950. The remedy of specific performance presupposes the existence of a valid contract between the parties to the controversy. The terms of the contract must be definite and certain. This is significant because equity cannot be expected to enforce either an invalid contract or one that is so vague in its terms that equity cannot determine exactly what it must order each party to perform. It would be unjust for a
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW OF CONTRACT INTRODUCTION Definition S.2(h) Contract Act 1950 : An agreement enforceable by law. Legally binding between parties. 2 INTRODUCTION (continue..) (a) (b) Legislation governing contracts: Contracts Act 1950 English Law - By virtue of S.5 of the Civil Law Act (When there are no provisions in the Contract Act) 3 INTRODUCTION (continue..) 4 OFFER / PROPOSAL Definition S. 2(a) Contracts Act “When one person signifies
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Acceptance 3 2.2 Consideration 4 2.3 Discharge of contract 5 2.3.1 Discharge by Breach 5 2.3.2 Discharge by Performance 5 2.4 Remedies 6 2.4.1 Unliquidated Remedies 6 2.4.2 Injunction Remedies 6 2.5 Intention to Create Legal Relations 7 2.6 Free Consent 8 3.0 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...9 4.0 References…………………………………………………………………….10 1.0 Introduction Contract is a customary of procedures guiding the relationship‚
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INTRODUCTION The law of contract is the collection of legal rules which govern contracts. These rules‚ in turn‚ are part of the law of obligations‚ a subdivision of the law of property which is traditionally regarded as part of private law. Private law governs the persons (legal subject) in their personal or private capacity before the law in relation to other legal subjects. In other word‚ private law can be defined as balance and protect legitimate individual interests. Traditionally private law‚ being
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The duty to act is and will be a controversial issue that has existed over time‚ mainly due to its biblical Origin. The parable of the Good Samaritan‚ the ‘Neighbour principle’ in Leviticus 19:16 “Do not stand By while your neighbour’s blood is split and the moral teaching of the story of Cain and Abel. The General rule of no liability for omission obstructs the duty to act‚ this then provides different Approaches in the Law of different jurisdictions. A bystander found failing to assist a third
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