degree of competition between retailers distributing products of the same manufacturer (so-called “intra-brand” competition). However‚ from an economic point of view it is puzzling that a manufacturer would ever restrict competition between retailers: any such restriction of competition would increase the retailers’ (downstream) margins at the expense of the manufacturer’s own (upstream) margin. Everything else equal‚ manufacturers would like very intense competition between their retailers in order
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Criticism of selective exposure Although empirical evidence of selective exposure has been documented in countless studies conducted in a wide range of research area‚ there have also been plentiful reports of lack of evidence supporting the existence of selective exposure. For instance‚ in a study conducted by Feather (1962)‚ evidence of the effect of selective exposure on participants’ choices was not found. In specific‚ smokers and non-smoker participants did not display any significant preference
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Discuss how the relationship between marketers and retailers has changed over time. 3. Describe significant eras of promotion in the United States‚ including the impact of social change on promotion. 4. Define consumer empowerment and branded entertainment. 5. Identify forces that will continue to affect the evolution of integrated marketing communication. 3-3 The Rise of Advertising Socialism - the government owns things‚ that eliminate competitors. Mixture between capitalism
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current exchange rate. The three types of foreign currency exposure are; Translation‚ Transaction and economic exposures Translation exposure Translation exposure measures the effect of an exchange rate change on published financial statements of a firm. Translation exposure results when a multinational corporation (MNC) translates each subsidiary’s financial data to its home currency for consolidated financial reporting. Translation exposure does not directly affect cash flows‚ but some firms
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Promotions can broadly be classified into two types – Consumer promotions and Trade promotions Both sales as well as marketing are allotted their respective budgets to carry out promotional activities. While marketing department uses its budget to run ATL and BTL activities‚ it also utilise it to run consumer promos targeted on a specific brand. Sales department on the other hand uses its budget to run trade promotions. Trade promotions may‚ and in fact should‚ vary from outlet to outlet within
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Week 1 Chapter 1 1. What is the basic difference between anatomy and physiology? (p. 2) ANSWER: Anatomy (a-NAT-ō-mē; ana- = up; -tomy = process of cutting) is the science of structure and the relationships among structures. Physiology (fiz′-ē-OL-ō-jē; physio- = nature‚ -logy = study of) is the science of body functions‚ that is‚ how the body parts work. 2. Define each of the following terms: atom‚ molecule‚ cell‚ tissue‚ organ‚ system‚ and organism. (p. 6) ANSWER: AtomUnit of matter that makes
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Differences between the three colonies are distinct. The New England and Middle colonies acquire an identical social structure compared to the South‚ which has slaves and indentured servants. The New England and Middle colonies dislike discrimination because of their lifestyle‚ which designates man as equal in God’s eyes. Another dissimilarity is religious toleration. Although the New England colonies have an equal social structure‚ they do not endure those who possess a different faith other than
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Differences between supermarket and market People are familiar with the traditional markets. When the quality of life raises up‚ their habit to buy goods in supermarkets also increases. There are three main differences between markets and supermarkets: scale‚ quality and the way to purchase. The first point is that the markets are generally smaller than the supermarkets about various kinds of goods‚ technological facilities and quantity of staffs. Supermarkets have a system of arranging products
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and I’m going to give a talk on sales promotion. Basically‚ I’ve divided my presentation into four parts. At the beginning I’ll give the definition of promotion sales. Then‚ in the second part‚ I’ll identify what sales promotions can be derected at. Afterwards‚ I’ll point out the most effective sales promotions strategies and to finish off‚ I’ll discuss different types of sales promotion. Right... first of all it’s important to understand what sales promotion is. It can often be hard to launch a
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Q. Name & explain the different types of market Ans: A set up where two or more parties engage in exchange of goods‚ services and information is called a market. Ideally a market is a place where two or more parties are involved in buying and selling. The two parties involved in a transaction are called seller and buyer. The seller sells goods and services to the buyer in exchange of money. There has to be more than one buyer and seller for the market to be competitive. Monopoly - Monopoly
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