ACCOUNTING CONCEPT AND CONVENTIONS In drawing up accounting statements‚ whether they are external "financial accounts" or internally-focused "management accounts"‚ a clear objective has to be that the accounts fairly reflect the true "substance" of the business and the results of its operation. The theory of accounting has‚ therefore‚ developed the concept of a "true and fair view". The true and fair view is applied in ensuring and assessing whether accounts do indeed portray accurately the business
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Concepts of Throughput Accounting In 1890s when cost accounting was introduced‚ labour was the greatest fraction of manufactured cost and considered as a variable cost. Very often workers did not know about the actual time of hours that they have to perform in a week when they reported for duty since the systems of time-keeping were undeveloped. Here comes the importance of throughput accounting which removes the dependence of standard cost accounting on efficiencies‚ particularly the
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competitors We operate our business in five segments: Windows & Windows Live Division‚ Server and Tools‚ Online Services Division‚ Microsoft Business Division‚ and Entertainment and Devices Division. Our segments provide management with a comprehensive financial view of our key businesses. The segments enable the alignment of strategies and objectives across the development‚ sales‚ marketing‚ and services organizations‚ and they provide a framework for timely and rational allocation of development
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BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC ACCOUNTING ABSTRACT The concern of this project paper is to explore the differences between Islamic accounting and its conventional counterpart. The distinctions need to be addressed as both accounting is presently thought of many people as synonymous. There is danger for such kind of perception because the basic building blocks for respective accounting are worlds apart. As for professional accountants who have been taught on the idea for accounting to be ‘objective’
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TOPIC 1: ACCOUNTING BASES‚ POLICIES‚ AND CONCEPTS ACCOUNTING BASES - These are the methods used for applying fundamental accounting concepts to financial transactions and items‚ preparing financial accounts‚ determining the accounting periods in which revenue and costs should be recognized in the profit and loss account‚ and determining the amounts at which material items should be stated in the balance sheet. - Examples of accounting bases include: Methods of calculating depreciation Methods
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Table of Contents Accounting Concepts and policies…………………………………………………………….. 3 – 7 Relevance of accounting concepts and policies on financial report…………….. 7 – 10 Discount allowed and received………………………………………………………………… 11 – 13 Difference between carriage inwards and carriage outwards……………………. 11 – 13 Differences between straight line and reducing balance methods……………… 11 – 13 References……………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 - 16 Introduction Accounting Concepts and Principles These are rules and
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Eighth Edition Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts Thomas P. Edmonds University of Alabama–Birmingham Frances M. McNair Mississippi State University Philip R. Olds Virginia Commonwealth University Edward E. Milam Mississippi State University (Contributing Author) FUNDAMENTAL FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin‚ a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc.‚ 1221 Avenue of the Americas‚ New York‚ NY‚ 10020. Copyright © 2013‚ 2011‚ 2008‚ 2006
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COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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Contents QUESTION ONE: Accounting Concepts and Conventions 1 a) Accounting Concepts 1 i) The going concern concept. 1 ii) The accruals concept (or matching concept) 1 iii) The entity concept: 3 iv) The money measurement concept: 3 v) The historical cost concept: 4 vi) The realization concept: 4 vii) Duality concept: 4 b) Accounting conventions 5 QUESTION TWO: Clashing accounting concepts and conventions that might bring about inconsistency in the accounting process 9 1. Clash between
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Cost Concepts Semester II Basic Terms • Cost is the amount of expenditure‚ actual (incurred) or notional (attributable)‚ relating to a specific thing or activity. The specific thing or activity may be a product‚ job‚ service‚ process or any other activity • Expenses are expired costs‚ incurred and totally used up in generation of revenue • Loss is lost cost. The term ‘loss’ is used to describe mainly two accounting events. In traditional financial accounting it is used to denote a situation
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