published a paper in 1943 showing that many of the constructs of classical test theory could be expressed in terms of parameters of the item characteristic curve. This paper marks the beginning of item response theory as a measurement theory. The work of Dr. F.M. Lord of the Educational Testing Service has been the driving force behind both the development of the theory and its application for the past 50 years. Dr. Lord systematically defined‚ expanded and explored the theory as well as developed
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Ebony Sowell November 5‚ 1998 Dr. Osinubi The Meaning of the Word "Nigger" I can recall the first time I paid close attention to the word nigger. In junior high a school fight would occur about every week and of course the whole school would gather together and watch. Well this particular fight sticks out in my mind because it was between two boys of different races‚ Hispanic and black. During their conflict the Hispanic boy bluntly called the black boy a nigger‚ and that was when the rest
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10 Literary Criticism approach An Overview of Approaches The Three-fold Purpose of Criticism: To help us solve a problem in the reading. To help us sift between and resolve conflicting readings. To enable us craft interpretative‚ yet scholarly judgments about literature. 1. Historical / Biographical Approach: Historical / Biographical critics see works as the reflection of an author’s life and times (or of the characters’ life and times). H/B approach deems it necessary to know about the
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In both Gloria Naylor’s Essay “The Meanings of a Word” and Christine Leong’s “Being a Chink‚” both authors‚ whom are women of color‚ address the power behind words and their definitions. While acknowledging that words can be both empowering and positive‚ both Naylor and Leong address that words can be used in negative ways and easily manipulated. Words have the power to express an individual’s feelings and thoughts to one another‚ whether positive or negative. Alongside this‚ words can be used as
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The Meaning of Personal Responsibility Gen 200 The Meaning of Personal Responsibility Have you ever known someone who constantly blames someone else for their own mistakes? No matter what‚ they will not take responsibility for their own actions. There are some people in this world that lack personal responsibility. While it is easy to blame‚ justify‚ and depend on others for your personal needs‚ I believe Personal Responsibility means being accountable for your own actions.
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finding the true meaning behind the song. In the following paragraphs will explain how lyrics can be compared to poetry through the speaker‚ symbols and rhyme schemes. In both poetry and music‚ the speaker doesn’t have to be the author or the artist it can be directed to someone who may have faced the same scenarios. In the song "American Noise" by the band Skillet the lyrics are written towards someone else or they can be about the musician depending
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is the same plant as marijuana; its scientific name is "cannabis sativa." For thousands of years hemp was used to make dozens of commercial products like paper‚ rope‚ canvas‚ and textiles. In fact‚ the very name "canvas" comes from the Dutch word meaning cannabis‚ which is marijuana. The potential of hemp for paper production is enormous.
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of a few words”. “When he was done he stood for the door‚ hurriedly because always there was that imperative first appointment of the day.” He also gives ample attention to material things. “He loves his work and that ill-gotten Corona more than me.” It is evident in the selection that Ted works very hard‚ especially when he was promoted as the boss of their company. “As new boss‚ Ted would be doubly set for all days.” At the same time he is also considered as the representative of Harvest Juice
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a challenging environment to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil the stakeholders’ expectations. This essay will discuss one of the challenges of globalisation‚ specifically global competition on Proton‚ a Malaysia automobile company and to evaluate the strategy adopted by Proton in response to globalization. Proton was established in 1983 as the sole national car company. It had been monopolizing and dominating domestic market for almost 10 years until the advent of Perodua‚ another Malaysian
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Meaning of Sales Promotion Every businessman wants to increase the sale of goods that he deals in. He can adopt several ways for that purpose. You might have heard about “lakhpati bano”‚ “win a tour to Singapore”‚ “30% extra in a pack of one kg”‚ “scratch the card and win a prize” etc. You might also have seen gifts like lunch box‚ pencil box‚ pen‚ shampoo pouch etc. offered free with some products. There are also exchange offers‚ like in exchange of existing model of television you can get
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