Question I Give definition of earning management. Discuss in what instances is earnings managementacceptable and in what instances is it not acceptable. Before defining what earnings management is‚ it is important to understand the meaningof earnings first. Earnings are the profits of a company. Investors and analysts look to earningsto determine the attractiveness of a particular share. Companies with poor earnings prospectswill typically have lower share prices than those with good prospects
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1. The Enron executive team including Kenneth Lay‚ Jeffrey Skilling‚ Andrew Fastow and other executives‚ were the key players in the crisis. The business practices they used when creating hundreds of SPE’s and diverting large amounts of liabilities to those off-balance sheet entities. Enron was aware of the minimal accounting guidelines for SPE’s and used them to their advantage. To create such a complex “paper” structure‚ the executives had to have coordinate their plans with the accountants
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directors he was able to misled the investor which bring about Enron filing for bankruptcy in 2001. In early‚ 2002 criminal investigation was open by US department of Justice into Enron’s collapse. The Security exchange commission (SEC) also opened the investigation into Arthur Andersen as well because they destroy and hide evidence of Enron’s financial statement. The role of the auditing giant Arthur Andersen in the collapse of Enron is incomprehensible to some. The accounting firm overlooked significant
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over many years. BCCI was paying its auditors $5 million per year to conduct audits which each year took nearly five months. if properly done‚ these audits should have uncovered the problems and forced action long before April‚ 1990 4. In the case of BCCI‚ there can be no question that the auditing process failed to work. As the Bank of England stated in determining that BCCI be closed 5. Given the demonstrable failure of the auditing process‚ serious questions have been raised about
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7. ETHICAL ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING "Accountants and the accountancy profession exist as a means of public service; the distinction which separates a profession from a mere means of livelihood is that the profession is accountable to standards of the public interest‚ and beyond the compensation paid by clients." —Robert H. Montgomery‚ describing ethics in accounting. Accounting ethics is primarily a field of applied ethics‚ the study of moral values and judgments as they apply
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management of Enron including Kenneth Lay‚ Jeffrey Skilling and Andrew Fastow. These managers created a tone at the top of Enron that allowed and encouraged accounting that mislead investors. The audit team at Anderson and especially David Duncan the lead partner for Enron’s audit holds responsibility. Anderson was negligent in finding problematic accounting used by Enron. In addition‚ Anderson made millions on consulting services provide to Enron which makes their independence for Enron come into
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington‚ D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (Mark One) ‘ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR È ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended 31 March 2012 OR ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ‘ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
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parent think corporal punishment will bring abusement among children‚ I think that parent should give them corporal punishment for several reason. An opponent which is some of parents believing that corporal punishment will end up with abusement issues among children‚ for that can lead to low confident level among children while they are growing. However‚ some parents believe by introducing corporal punishment among children will bring many positive effects such as develop self-discipline among
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Enron case 1. What activities and practices of Enron’s management team do you believe were unethical and/ or illegal? Concealing debt By using SPEs‚ Enron’s balance sheet understated its liabilities and overstated its equity and earnings. Enron disclosed to its shareholders that it had hedged downside risk in its illiquid investments using special purpose entities which were lies. Enormous spending Extravagant expenses were rampant in the company which included enormous salary expenses
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CASE STUDY: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND THE FALL OF ENRON Introduction to the Enron Case Enron was one of the world’s leading energy traders born from deregulation of these markets in certain US states. It rapidly grew and the world followed suit. It was nominated ‘World’s Most Innovative Large Corporation’ six years in row and valued at 64 times its earnings and 6 times its book value. It had one of the highest paid CEOs in the world in 2000. It led an aggressive and apparently effective expansion
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