INTRODUCTION Audit Planning and reporting Auditing planning and reporting are two critical stages in whole audit Cycle. Audit planning is before beginning of field work and reporting is last Stage in bank audit Good planning leads to effective Reporting Planning (also called forethought) is the process of thinking about and organizing the desired activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning involves the creation and maintenance of a PLAN. As such< planning is
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Arguments in Favour of Mandatory Audit Rotation: As an attempt to strengthen the audit independence and the audit quality‚ mandatory audit rotation is to be considered as a very good proposal to safeguard the audit independence. It is‚ however‚ limited number of years above that the audit firm or the engagement partner (For instance‚ the U.K. approach is to change only the engagement partner. While in the U.S. approach it is mandatory to change the whole audit firm) can no longer be or continue
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 320 AUDIT MATERIALITY (This Standard is effective‚ but contains conforming amendments that become effective at a future date)* CONTENTS Paragraph Introduction ................................................................................................... Materiality ..................................................................................................... The Relationship Between Materiality and Audit Risk ................................. Evaluating
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INTERNAL AUDIT 1 Internal audit ‘Internal audit’ is an appraisal activity established by management for the review of accounting and internal control systems as a service to the entity. It reviews‚ monitors and make recommendations for the improvement of systems. Other activities include: Examination of financial information Review of economy‚ efficiency and effectiveness (‘value-for-money’ audits) Review of compliance with external laws and regulations Review of internal policies Review
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Explanation of what a marketing audit is: The purpose of a marketing audit is to review and appraise existing marketing activities and to look at the way the marketing is planned and managed‚ giving the opportunity for a systematic examination of each element of the organisations current marketing activity and achievements‚ and to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of the organisations investment in marketing. The marketing audit assists in the evaluation of the whole marketing activity‚ and
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AUDIT METHODOLOGY A systematic environmental audit consists of 3 main stages: Pre-Audit On-site Audit Post Audit All 3 stages need to be fulfil in order to complete the audit procedure on water quality management which to ensure clean water is to be preserved to be consumed by the end user. Pre-Audit Pre-audit is the first step in the audit procedure. During a pre-audit‚ a company or individual’s financial documents are examined to ensure that all information is correct before the company or individual
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current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-6902.htm Past control risk and current audit fees Past control risk Thomas G. Calderon‚ Li Wang and Thomas Klenotic George W. Daverio School of Accountancy‚ The University of Akron‚ Akron‚ Ohio‚ USA 693 Abstract Purpose – The authors posit that audit fees are driven by historical risk factors and risk encountered in the current period. The purpose of this paper is to focus on historical
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when performing an audit. This responsibility is defined in International Standards on Auditing and enforced through legislation in national jurisdictions. This report identifies the factors that should be of consideration when deciding on the appropriate level of responsibility auditors’ should have to detect corporate fraud. There are various limitations inherent in audits that should be taken into account‚ as they hinder fraud detection which is why even though an audit may be performed properly
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INTRODUCTION TO AUDITING 1. WHAT IS AN AUDIT An audit is an independent examination of the financial statements of an entity in order to enable the auditor to express an opinion as to whether it gives a true and fair opinion and if it has been properly prepared in accordance with the applicable reporting framework. 2. Under the Companies Act‚ Cap. 50‚ private limited companies that satisfy the following conditions are not required to have an audit: a) number of shareholders
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AUDIT FAILURE OF WORLDCOM Group 1 Background • WorldCom‚ first named LDDS (Long Distance Discount Services)‚ grew largely by aggressively acquiring other telecommunications companies in 1990s. • For a time‚ it was the United State’s second largest long distance phone company (after AT&T). Background However‚ the year 2002 comes… • In March‚ the SEC began to investigate WorldCom as it reported large profit while AT&T reported loss. • In May‚ Arthur Anderson was replaced by KPMG
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